Abdominal adipocyte populations in women with visceral obesity

Michaud, Andréanne; Laforest, Sylvie; Pelletier, Mélissa; Nadeau, Mélanie; Simard, Serge; Daris, Marleen; Lebœuf, Mathieu; Vidal, Hubert; Géloën, Alain; Tchernof, André

doi:10.1530/eje-15-0822

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…The chosen sampling sites may partly explain these results. SC adipocyte diameters were larger than OM adipocyte diameters with every method, reflecting the depot‐specific difference in fat cell size reported in our previous studies in women and our detailed analysis of the literature . The association between visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors is well known .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparative analysis of three human adipocyte size measurement methods and their relevance for cardiometabolic risk

Laforest

Michaud

Paris

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective: To determine whether adipocyte diameters from three measurement methods are similarly associated with adiposity measurements and cardiometabolic variables. Methods: Surgical samples of omental and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in a sample of 60 women (age 35-59 years; body mass index 20.3-41.1 kg/m 2 ). Median adipocyte diameter of the main cell population was determined by collagenase digestion, osmium tetroxide fixation, and histological analysis. Adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed. Results: Adipocyte diameter was consistently smaller with formalin fixation than with collagenase digestion, whereas osmium-fixed cells were larger (P < 0.0001, for all). Median adipocyte diameters derived from all methods were intercorrelated (r 5 0.46-0.83, P < 0.001 for all). Positive associations were found between adipocyte diameters from all techniques and regional or total adiposity measurements (P < 0.01 for all). Omental adipocyte diameter was positively associated with fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r 5 0.30-0.52, P < 0.05 for all), with osmium-fixed cell size as a stronger correlate. Osmium-fixed cell diameter was also a better correlate of plasma adiponectin and leptin. Conclusions: Although measurement techniques generated systematic differences in adipocyte size, associations with adiposity were only slightly affected by the technique. Osmium fixation generated stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors than collagenase digestion and histological analysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparative analysis of three human adipocyte size measurement methods and their relevance for cardiometabolic risk

Laforest

Michaud

Paris

et al. 2016

Obesity

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“…hyperplasia) in health risks is debatable. Recent observations reported a higher prevalence of small fat cells in insulin-resistant individuals and in those with type 2 diabetes, compared with healthy individuals, suggesting hyperplastic expansion [8, 14–16]. Importantly, we showed that 8 weeks of 40% overfeeding (~7.6 kg weight gain) resulted in greater impairment of insulin sensitivity in individuals who had smaller adipocytes at baseline compared with those who had larger adipocytes [17].…”

Section: Adipose Turnovermentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Evidence suggests that the manner of subcutaneous WAT expansion (hypertrophy vs hyperplasia) in humans can influence cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that hypertrophic abdominal adipocytes are associated with insulin resistance [7, 8] and type 2 diabetes [9, 10], independent of overall obesity. It has also been proposed that impaired adipogenesis, or restricted hyperplasia, may lead to ectopic fat deposition in the liver and skeletal muscle, contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders [11].…”

Section: Adipose Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of adipose tissue turnover in human metabolic health and disease

White

Ravussin

2018

Diabetologia

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White adipose tissue is a highly plastic organ and is an important regulator of whole-body metabolism and energy balance. The magnitude of adipose tissue mass is determined by dynamic changes in the synthesis and breakdown (i.e. turnover) of adipocytes and triacylglycerols (TGs). Obesity is a disorder characterised by excessive adiposity and is a risk factor for diseases, including the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue expansion is necessary to accommodate chronic excess energy intake and is characterised by enlargement of existing adipocytes (hypertrophy) and by increase in pre-adipocyte and adipocyte numbers (hyperplasia). Evidence suggests that the manner of subcutaneous adipose expansion can influence metabolic health, as impaired adipogenesis, namely restricted hyperplasia, may lead to ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and skeletal muscle, contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders. Despite the plausible role of adipose turnover in human health and pathology, little is known about the in vivo kinetics of adipose tissue components (both adipose cells and TGs). This is due, in part, to the slow turnover rate of adipose tissue and the complexity of directly labelling pathway precursors. This review provides a brief summary of findings derived from in vitro techniques, as well as an overview of two in vivo methods that are being implemented to assess the turnover of adipose cells and TGs. Finally, the role of adipose tissue turnover in metabolic health and disease is discussed.

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“…However, this constellation of metabolic risk factors does not affect all obese patients to the same extent, with a varying but important proportion of obese people remaining metabolically healthy [2,3] , thus suggesting that factors other than obesity itself are playing a role in the pathophysiology of MetS [4,5] . Previous studies have pointed to the dysregulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as one of the major factors contributing to the development of MetS features [6,7] . From this viewpoint, VAT expandability to deal with the requirements of fat storage in the form of TG is a crucial issue implicated in this dysregulation [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have pointed to the dysregulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as one of the major factors contributing to the development of MetS features [6,7] . From this viewpoint, VAT expandability to deal with the requirements of fat storage in the form of TG is a crucial issue implicated in this dysregulation [7] . Previous studies have highlighted the relevance of genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins in VAT expansion by showing that under energy restriction conditions they are predominantly underexpressed, whereas the reverse is observed when energy and lipid requirements are exceeded [8,9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CpG-SNP Located within the <b><i>ARPC3</i></b> Gene Promoter Is Associated with Hypertriglyceridemia in Severely Obese Patients

J¹,

Guénard²,

Tchernof

et al. 2016

Ann Nutr Metab

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Aims: To test the potential association of cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpG)-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 (ARPC3), a gene recently linked to adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) features in severely obese patients. Methods: Prioritized SNPs within the ARPC3 locus were genotyped and tested for associations with MetS features in a cohort of 1,749 obese patients with and without MetS. Association testing with CpG methylation levels was performed in a methylation sub-cohort of 16 obese men. Results: A significant association was found between the CpG-SNP rs3759384 (C>T) and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (false discovery rate-corrected p = 3.5 × 10^-2), with 0.6% of the phenotypic variance explained by the CpG-SNP, and with TT homozygotes showing the highest plasma TG levels (1.89 mmol/l). The carriers of the rs3759384 T allele also showed a significant decrease in methylation levels of the ARPC3 promoter-associated CpG site cg10738648 in both visceral adipose tissue and blood. ARPC3 expression levels showed a strong correlation with plasma TG levels (r = 0.70; p = 0.02). Conclusions: The increased plasma TG levels found in homozygous rs3759384 T allele carriers argue for a relevant role of this CpG-SNP in lipid management among obese individuals, which may be driven by an epigenetic-mediated mechanism.

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Abdominal adipocyte populations in women with visceral obesity

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Comparative analysis of three human adipocyte size measurement methods and their relevance for cardiometabolic risk

Comparative analysis of three human adipocyte size measurement methods and their relevance for cardiometabolic risk

Dynamics of adipose tissue turnover in human metabolic health and disease

A CpG-SNP Located within the <b><i>ARPC3</i></b> Gene Promoter Is Associated with Hypertriglyceridemia in Severely Obese Patients

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