“…28 With HAART, patients have an increased expectancy and quality of life. 2,4,8,29 Yet, ironically, the need for palliative care remains 2,3,9 as patients still die at a higher rate than the uninfected, 29 the virological failure rate remains high, 2,29 the adverse effects of continuous ART use are significant, 2,9,29 the results of advanced age, such as new comorbidities, became apparent (eg, end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C coinfection), 9,29 the incidence of some HIV-related malignancies (eg, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) have not declined with HAART, 9,29 and the number of late diagnosis still remains high. 9,16,29 Therefore, as mentioned previously, pain is present throughout all the course of HIV infection 5,8,11,18,29 and can profoundly reduce patient's quality of life.…”