Abbreviation modalities of nitrogen multiple‐breath washout tests in school children with obstructed lung disease

Green, Kent; Ejlertsen, Jacob S.; Madsen, Anders; Buchvald, Frederik; Kongstad, Thomas; Kobbernagel, Helene; Gustafsson, Per; Nielsen, Kim G.

doi:10.1002/ppul.23339

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In our study, agreement of LCI 2.5% and LCI 5% was lower than expected . Yet data from Green et al support our recent findings and question the use of LCI 5% in mild‐to‐moderate lung disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alternate gas washout indices: Assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity in mild to moderate pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease

Nyilas

Bigler

Yammine

et al. 2018

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Whereas standard LCI is measured at 1/40th of the starting N 2 concentration, abbreviated LCI protocols stop at 1/20th (LCI 2.5% and LCI 5% , respectively). The abbreviated LCI protocol can be applied in patients with CF to shorten the test duration, however, the sensitivity to detect abnormal ventilation inhomogeneity may decrease …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate gas washout indices: Assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity in mild to moderate pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease

Nyilas

Bigler

Yammine

et al. 2018

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of earlier cutoffs of MBW to differentiate health and disease . Our findings are consistent with this earlier work, but also show that LCI 5 is able to capture disease progression and worsening of lung function with increased respiratory symptoms; two important aspects of monitoring patients' health in the clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The utility of moment ratios and abbreviated endpoints of the multiple breath washout test in preschool children with cystic fibrosis

Shaw

Oppelaar

Jensen

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background The multiple breath washout (MBW) test may be most useful in tracking disease progression over time to inform treatment decisions. In the clinical setting, alternative outcomes, which can be obtained quickly and easily, may facilitate interpretation of clinically relevant changes in lung function. Methods In this secondary analysis of data from 78 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 72 healthy control (HC) subjects between the ages of 2.6 and 5.9 years, MBW was performed at enrollment, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, as well as during symptomatic visits using the Exhalyzer D (EcoMedics AG, Duernten, Switzerland). The lung clearance index, LCI2.5, was compared to moment ratios (M1/M0 and M2/M0) at the standard cutoff (1/40th of starting tracer gas concentration) as well as LCI5 and moment ratios at 1/20th of the starting concentration (M1/M0 at LCI5, and M2/M0 at LCI5). Results All outcomes were able to distinguish between health and disease. LCI5 reduced testing time by 40% and increased feasibility by more than 10%. The limits of biological reproducibility in healthy children were similar between LCI2.5 (15%), LCI5 (12%), M1/M0 at LCI2.5 (14%), and M1/M0 at LCI5 (12%), but markedly larger for M2/M0 at LCI2.5 (30%) and M2/M0 at LCI5 (25%). Each outcome deteriorated significantly with worsening pulmonary symptoms, the magnitude of deterioration was greatest for M2/M0. Conclusions In preschool children with CF, LCI5 was more feasible to obtain and track disease progression. The second moment ratio was most sensitive to pulmonary symptoms, but had the greatest variability both within and between subjects.

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“…Furthermore, a cross-talk between human mast cells and TGF-beta1 signaling has been shown. Therefore, it is postulated to use anti-TGF-beta1 signaling against mast cells associated soot toxicity (270). Recently, a novel, potent dual inhibitor (JNJ-10311795; RWJ-355871) of the leukocyte proteases cathepsin G and chymase has been discovered, which also has an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo (271).…”

Section: Possible Therapeutic Interventions To Combat Soot- or Cb-assmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

2017

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The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, “Sir Percival Pott” described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others. The existing data suggest three main types of diseases due to soot and CB exposures: cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Experimental models revealed the involvement of oxidative stress, DNA methylation, formation of DNA adducts, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation as the key mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced cancers. Metals including Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co in soot also contribute in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. Mechanistically, ROS-induced DNA damage is further enhanced by eosinophils and neutrophils via halide (Cl− and Br−) dependent DNA adducts formation. The activation of pulmonary dendritic cells, T helper type 2 cells, and mast cells is crucial mediators in the pathology of soot- or CB-induced respiratory disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were also found to modulate T cells functions in respiratory diseases. Particularly, telomerase reverse transcriptase was found to play the critical role in soot- and CB-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In this review, we propose integrated mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced toxicity emphasizing the role of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. We also suggest use of antioxidants and PUFAs as protective strategies against soot- and CB-induced disorders.

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Abbreviation modalities of nitrogen multiple‐breath washout tests in school children with obstructed lung disease

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Alternate gas washout indices: Assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity in mild to moderate pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease

Alternate gas washout indices: Assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity in mild to moderate pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease

The utility of moment ratios and abbreviated endpoints of the multiple breath washout test in preschool children with cystic fibrosis

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

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