Abatacept in spondyloarthritis refractory to tumour necrosis factor α inhibition: Figure 1

Emerging drugs for psoriatic arthritis

“…This case report showed how abatacept acted effectively in modifying the synovial cell infiltration and downregulation of T H 1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, as well as inducing a good clinical response. Similar results were obtained by us in a case of undifferentiated SpA, where during 12 months of abatacept therapy a clinical remission and an amelioration of the bone edema at the sacroiliac joints were recorded [90]. Another case report was described showing the good clinical response of abatacept [91].…”

Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with abatacept: an open-label, 24-week pilot study

“…Several case reports have previously described conflicting results on the efficacy of abatacept in a total of nine TNF-failure patients with axial spondyloarthritis after 6–9 months of treatment 16–18…”

Synovial immunopathological changes associated with successful abatacept therapy in a case of severe refractory psoriatic arthritis

“…In these patients, agents blocking T-cell activation are a potential therapeutic option. Preliminary data have shown efficacy of abatacept in psoriasis vulgaris3 and spondyloarthropathy 4. However, data on the effects of abatacept in PsA are lacking.…”