“…The Aβ peptide can also potentially cause mPTP opening in vivo as it induces mitochondrial swelling, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, and potentiates the effect of mPTP inducers in isolated brain mitochondria (Du et al., 2008; Moreira, Santos, Moreno, & Oliveira, 2001; Shevtzova, Kireeva, & Bachurin, 2001). This can be due to an indirect effect on the pore as the Aβ peptide has the ability to enhance intracellular calcium (Abramov, Canevari, & Duchen, 2004; Chin, Tse, Harris, & Jhamandas, 2006) and to induce oxidative stress (Lustbader et al., 2004; Reddy & Beal, 2008), which is increasingly recognized as a key factor in neurodegenerative disorders. These effects are possible mechanisms contributing to mPTP opening.…”