Abstract:BackgroundAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem disease, and the heart may be affected from 10 to 50% in some series [1,2]. Heart valve lesions are the most frequent manifestations. Coronary arteries and myocardium may be also affected. Other findings include chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and accelerated atherosclerosis. Some studies have suggested a higher incidence of cardiac involvement in patients with secondary APS or those with higher titers of antiphospholipid antibodies. Howe… Show more
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