Nine nona-coordinated
Eu(III) complexes (
1
–
9
) studied here
have three unsymmetric β-diketonate
ligands and one chiral Ph-Pybox ligand, which can produce eight possible
coordination isomers, depending on the position of the three unsymmetric
β-diketonate ligands. Substituents on the β-diketonate
ligands cause a rational structural rearrangement upon crystallization.
Substituents with higher polarity, including −CN, −F,
−Cl, −Br, −OMe, and −OEt, employ intercomplex
hydrogen bonding to generate an association complex through structural
rearrangement upon crystallization. Substituents with lower polarity,
including −CF
3
, −SMe, and −Me, cause
the most energetically favorable isomer to crystallize directly from
solution. These two crystal structures exhibit well-resolved
f–f
emission lines with characteristic Stark splitting
structures. This work revealed that the configuration of the Eu(III)
complexes in solution can be determined by systematic comparison of
their Stark splitting structures to those obtained from the solid
phase using density functional theory (DFT)-based predictions combined
with circular dichroism data.