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Abstract

Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer overall and the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for up to 90% of all primary hepatic malignancies and represents a major international health problem. It is a complex and heterogeneous malignancy, frequently occurs in the setting of a chronically diseased organ, and has multiple confounding factors. Liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma has been established as a standard treatment in selected patients. Liver resection and locoregional therapies could be other options for treatment. Pathologic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma is a complicated process that includes tumor grading and evaluation of microvascular invasion. Although macrovascular invasion can be detected with imaging techniques, microvascular invasion is diagnosed pathologically. Pathologic evaluation provides ad ditional information about the tumor biology, using immunohistochemical and molecular methods to predict patient outcomes. Hepatocellular carcinoma requires a multidisciplinary approach to determine the most appropriate treatment, as well as requires accurate timing of various treatments for optimal outcomes.

Contrast-enhanced CT findings-based model to predict MVI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Unlike macrovascular invasion, which can be diagnosed by imaging, microvascular invasion (MVI) is a histological finding that can only be diagnosed pathologically after surgery [ 4 ]. In the presence of MVI, tumor cells can spread within the liver, eventually forming multiple lesions in the liver, portal vein cancer thrombosis, or distant metastases.…”

Artificial Intelligence Algorithm in Classification and Recognition of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma Images under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…It has been shown that the histopathological grading of PHC is related to its degree of infiltration and distant metastasis and is the main influencing factor for its prognosis [ 5 ]. Thus, early diagnosis, accurate pathological grading, and timely treatment of PHC are the keys to prolonging the survival time of patients with liver cancer [ 6 ]. A hepatic biopsy is currently the gold standard for pathological grading of PHC.…”

Role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01857 in hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy via the regulation of the microRNA-197-3p/anterior GRadient 2 axis

“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refers to a prevalent and lethal carcinoma classified under chronic hepatic disorders that leads to an unfavorable prognostic aftermath and high mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. As a complicated tumor with heterogeneity, HCC accounts for almost 90% of primary liver neoplasms has emerged as a challenging dilemma and health burden worldwide [ 3 ]. HCC is a unique cancer that typically arises from chronic liver disease, and its incidence rate depends on the complex interaction among the host, disease and environmental factors, and chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection is the main risk factor worldwide [ 4 ].…”