A1 milk and beta-casomorphin-7

Abstract

Milk is composed of water, proteins, lipids, lactose, vit-amins, and minerals. More than 80% of most mam-mals’ milk proteins are con-stituted by caseins. Casein is a group of proteins and they are sub-divided into αs1-, αs2-, β- and -casein families. Among these ca-sein families, -casein is the second most abundant pro-tein. Different mutations in the cow milk -casein gene led to 12 genetic variants and most common of these are genetic variants A1 and A2. The A1 and A2 variants differ only at amino acid position 67, which is histi-dine in A1 or proline in A2 milk. This difference in amino acid sequence sug-gests a conformational change in the secondary structure of the expressed β-casein. Milk that contains A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are known as A1 milk and A2 milk, respectively. A1 β-casein milk releases an amino acid bioactive pep-tide called beta-casomorphin-7 (CM-7) in small intestine. Beta-casomorphin-7 released from A1 β-casein is respon-sible for many human dis-orders like type-1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia, alz-heimer’s disease (AD), at-tention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and heart diseases.

BCM-7: Opioid-like Peptide with Potential Role in Disease Mechanisms

“…Therefore, after digestion of bovine A1 milk by the mother, BCM-7 can pass into breast milk and cause life-threatening events in infants [41,101]. The same goal investigation should also be applied to human studies to identify the potential BCM-7 transmission from mother to infant, especially for mothers who are high consumers of bovine milk [41,102]. Further studies are required for this disease as there only limited number of studies that indicates the sudden infant deaths are due to the presence of BCM-7 or that can explain this situation.…”

β-КАЗЕИН Bos taurus: СТРУКТУРА БЕЛКА, ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНА, ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНЫЙ ТРАКТ ЧЕЛОВЕКА (обзор)

“…Гены казеина крупного рогатого скота расположены на хромосоме 6q31-33 (15)(16)(17). Существует четыре основных казеиновых фракции: αs1, αs2,  и κ, из которых 15-18 % приходится на αs1, 8-11 % -на αs2, 25-35 % -на , 18-15 % -на κ (18)(19)(20). То есть наиболее распространен -казеин (21).…”

Association of genotypes of cows of the Kholmogory breed by beta-casein with milk productivity

“…Бета-казеин является одним из основных казеиновых белков коровьего молока и составляет приблизительно 45 % от общего числа белков. Полиморфизм гена бета-казеина (CSN2) в последние годы стал ценным хозяйственно полезным признаком, так как варианты А1 и А2 бета-казеина имеют значение как в отношении качественных и количественных показателей молока, так и в отношении полезных свойств продукта для потребителя [4,5].…”