A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium

Ressler, Kerry J.; Sullivan, Stephen N.; Buck, Linda B.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90145-g

Cited by 991 publications

(820 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that odorants with different solubilities are deposited along different regions of the olfactory mucosa [8,[34][35][36][37]. This separation of odorants along the path of flow matches, at least to a first approximation, the location of the relevant olfactory receptors within the olfactory epithelium [38,39]. Performing transient analyses of odorant deposition would be an informative way to examine the generality of the hypothesized link between the 'inherent' pattern of olfactory gene expression and the 'imposed' pattern of odorant delivery by inhaled air (terminology after [37]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

2015

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The morphology of the nasal cavity in mammals with a good sense of smell includes features that are thought to improve olfactory airflow, such as a dorsal conduit that delivers odours quickly to the olfactory mucosa, an enlarged olfactory recess at the back of the airway, and a clear separation of the olfactory and respiratory regions of the nose. The link between these features and having a good sense of smell has been established by functional examinations of a handful of distantly related mammalian species. In this paper, we provide the first detailed examination of olfactory airflow in a group of closely related species that nevertheless vary in their sense of smell. We study six species of phyllostomid bats that have different airway morphologies and foraging ecologies, which have been linked to differences in olfactory ability or reliance. We hypothesize that differences in morphology correlate with differences in the patterns and rates of airflow, which in turn are consistent with dietary differences. To compare species, we make qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the patterns and rates of airflow through the olfactory region during both inhalation and exhalation across the six species. Contrary to our expectations, we find no clear differences among species in either the patterns of airflow through the airway or in rates of flow through the olfactory region. By and large, olfactory airflow seems to be conserved across species, suggesting that morphological differences appear to be driven by other mechanical demands on the snout, such as breathing and feeding. Olfactory ability may depend on other aspects of the system, such as the neurobiological processing of odours that work within the existing morphology imposed by other functional demands on the nasal cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

2015

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“…The mammalian olfactory epithelium displays a striking spatial organization, such that odorant receptors and other molecular markers are restricted to circumscribed zones that radiate along the dorsomedial-ventrolateral axis (Ressler et al, 1993;Vassar et al, 1993;Alenius and Bohm, 1997;Yoshihara et al, 1997;Norlin et al, 2001;Oka et al, 2003;Gussing and Bohm, 2004;Miyamichi et al, 2005;Tietjen et al, 2005). Dorsoventral organization within the olfactory epithelium plays an essential role in odorant receptor choice as well as in guiding topographic projections of ORN axons to the olfactory bulb (Miyamichi et al, 2005;Imai and Sakano, 2007).…”

Section: Regional Identity In the Olfactory Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanisms that generate and maintain this regional identity are not understood. In general, zones are defined by the expression of odorant receptors confined within one of four nonoverlapping regions (Ressler et al, 1993;Vassar et al, 1993;Miyamichi et al, 2005). Several other molecules show zonal restriction patterns in addition to the odorant receptors.…”

Section: Zonal Restriction Of Foxg1 Expression In the Olfactory Epithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foxg1Is Required for Development of the Vertebrate Olfactory System

Duggan

DeMaria²,

Baudhuin³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

107

102

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Illuminating the molecular identity and regulation of early progenitor cells in the olfactory sensory epithelium represents an important challenge in the field of neural development. We show in both mouse and zebrafish that the winged helix transcription factor Foxg1 is expressed in an early progenitor population of the olfactory placode. In the mouse, Foxg1 is first expressed throughout the olfactory placode but later becomes restricted to the ventrolateral olfactory epithelium. The essential role of Foxg1 in olfactory development is demonstrated by the strikingly severe phenotype of Foxg1 knock-out mice: older embryos have no recognizable olfactory structures, including epithelium, bulb, or vomeronasal organs. Initially, a small number of olfactory progenitors are specified but show defects in both proliferation and differentiation. Similarly, antisense RNA knockdown of Foxg1 expression in the zebrafish shows a reduction in the number of neurons and mitotic cells in olfactory rosettes, mirroring the phenotype seen in the mouse Foxg1 null mutant. Using mosaic analysis in the zebrafish, we show that Foxg1 is required cell-autonomously for the production of mature olfactory receptor neurons. Therefore, we identified an evolutionarily conserved requirement for Foxg1 in the development of the vertebrate olfactory system.

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“…OSNs expressing a given olfactory receptor are primarily randomly dispersed within one of four zones in the main olfactory epithelium (Ressler et al, 1993;Vassar et al, 1993;Mombaerts et al, 1996) but send their axonal projections to spatially conserved glomeruli within the olfactory bulb (Mombaerts, 1996;Wang et al, 1998;Tsuboi et al, 1999). Thus the olfactory bulb (OB) serves as a two-dimensional map of receptor activation to provide the neural code to discriminate olfactory sensory information (Yu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Indexing Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of voltage‐gated channel affects glomerular refinement and odorant receptor expression in the mouse olfactory system

Biju

Marks

Mast

et al. 2007

J of Comparative Neurology

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Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a specific odorant receptor (OR) gene send axonal projections to specific glomeruli, creating a stereotypic olfactory sensory map. Odorant receptor sequence, G-protein cAMP signaling, and axon guidance molecules have been shown to direct axons of OSNs toward central targets in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the OR sequence may act as one determinant, our objective was to elucidate the extent by which voltage-dependent activity of postsynaptic projection neurons in the OB centrally influences peripheral development and target destination of OSNs. We bred OR-tagged transgenic mice to homozygosity with mice that had a gene-targeted deletion of the Shaker potassium ion channel (Kv1.3) to elucidate how activity modulates synaptic connections that formulate the sensory map. Here we report that the Kv1.3 ion channel, which is predominantly expressed in mitral cells and whose gene-targeted deletion causes a "super-smeller" phenotype, alters synaptic refinement of axonal projections from OSNs expressing P2, M72, and MOR28 ORs. Absence of Kv1.3 voltage-gated activity caused the formation of small, heterogeneous, and supernumerary glomeruli that failed to undergo neural pruning over development. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of P2-, M72-, and MOR28-expressing OSNs, which contained an overexpression of OR protein and G-protein G olf in the cilia of the olfactory epithelium. These findings suggest that voltage-gated activity of projection neurons is essential to refine primary olfactory projections and that it regulates proper expression of the transduction machinery at the periphery. Indexing termsolfactory coding; axon targeting; olfaction; odorant receptor; Kv1.3The development of precise connectivity and maintenance of an olfactory sensory map is thought to rely upon guidance molecules that are recognized by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) or that are regulated by G-protein-mediated cAMP signals (Bozza et al., 2002;St John et al., 2002;Imai et al., 2006; Lattermann et al., 2007;Sweeney et al., 2007). OSNs expressing a given olfactory receptor are primarily randomly dispersed within one of four zones in the main olfactory epithelium (Ressler et al., 1993;Vassar et al., 1993;Mombaerts et al., 1996) but send their axonal projections to spatially conserved glomeruli within the olfactory bulb (Mombaerts, 1996;Wang et al., 1998;Tsuboi et al., 1999). Thus the olfactory bulb (OB) serves as a two- NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript dimensional map of receptor activation to provide the neural code to discriminate olfactory sensory information (Yu et al., 2004). Odorant quality is thus encoded by a specific combination of activated glomeruli (Mori et al., 1999;Strotmann et al., 2000), and the formation of glomeruli depends on contextual sorting of axons expressing like OR proteins (Belluscio et al., 2002;Mombaerts, 2006).If contextual cues from adjacent homotypic interactions initiate...

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A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium

Cited by 991 publications

References 52 publications

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

How much does nasal cavity morphology matter? Patterns and rates of olfactory airflow in phyllostomid bats

Foxg1Is Required for Development of the Vertebrate Olfactory System

Deletion of voltage‐gated channel affects glomerular refinement and odorant receptor expression in the mouse olfactory system

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