A Zigbee-based wireless wearable electronic nose using flexible printed sensor array

Abstract

A wearable electronic nose (e-nose) has been developed by integrating a low cost chemical sensor array with a wireless communication for applications in healthcare. Its sensing unit was fabricated by a fully inkjet-printing technique, comprising eight different sensor elements manufactured by varying printing patterns and sensing materials. These sensors have shown response to a wide variety of complex odors. A wearable e-nose prototype using Zigbee wireless technology was designed as a compact armband for monitoring the axillary odor released from human body. Preliminary results based on principal component analysis (PCA) could classify different odors released from the human body upon various activities

Inkjet-Printed Wireless Chemiresistive Sensors—A Review

“…Substrates used to apply printed chemiresistive sensors are rigid ones, like glass [20][21][22][23] or silicium [24,25]. Furthermore, the use of flexible substrates, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [26,27], polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) [28][29][30], Kapton [31][32][33][34][35][36], coated paper [25,[37][38][39][40], or even textiles [41], are demonstrated. Flexible substrates have great potential to enhance application possibilities of chemiresistive sensors.…”

“…Flexible substrates have great potential to enhance application possibilities of chemiresistive sensors. Flexible sensors could conformably cover objects with irregular surfaces, adding new functionalities to daily use or even wearable devices [28,29,42]. Inkjet-printing technology allows the manufacturing of electrodes as well as complete devices on exotic substrates (e.g., water soluble ones), increasing the application possibilities of printed sensors [43].…”

“…Gases of no interest influence the overall signal response [17,58,59]. Another semiconducting material very often applied as a sensing material in inkjet-printed chemical sensors are carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) [20,21,28,29,31,35,60,61]. CNTs have, on the one hand, a high surface area and can be functionalized for chemical specificity.…”

“…The substrate they used was polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), decorated with silver nanoparticle-based IDEs, which were covered by inkjet-printed sensing material based on CNTs combined with different polymers, either separately printed or blended (Figure 7). They state that the used sensor approach can clearly distinguish between ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid while it was difficult to determine between the electrical response of ethanol and acetone [28,29]. The platform consists of capacitive as well as resistive sensors, which can be read out simultaneously.…”

Adquisición De Datos De Una Matriz De Sensores De Gases (E-Nose), Mediante Módulos De Comunicación Xbee

“…Por lo tanto, prescindir de los cables significa menor cantidad de elementos presentes en un sistema, sobre todo cuando se trata de modernizar o actualizar los componentes dentro de la industria (Christin, 2010). Por tal motivo un sistema de comunicación inalámbrica puede ser una solución para ser implementada en entornos donde se Recibido: 29 de julio de 2014 Aceptado: 13 de noviembre de 2014 requieran instalar grandes líneas de cableado, ya sea sea por motivos de la ubicación de los componentes o por la misma geografía del lugar de trabajo (Lorwongtragool, 2013).…”