A Young Scientists’ Perspective on DBS: A Plea for an International DBS Organization

Sommers, Rowan P.; Dings, Roy; Neijenhuijs, Koen Ilja; Andringa, Hannah; Arts, Sebastian; Bult, Daphne van de; Klockenbusch, Laura; Wanningen, Emiel; Bruin, L.C. de; Haselager, Pim

doi:10.1007/s12152-015-9231-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The DBS sample size was very small compared to the sample size of the VNS trials, which could possibly be attributed to the relatively recent emergence of this technique for treating depression. 48 Table 4 shows the primary treatment outcomes for both the VNS and DBS trials. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were designated as the primary outcome measures, whereas IDS-C, YMRS, CGI, GAF all reported secondary outcome measures.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) vs. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Comparative Meta-analytic Review Article View

Khan¹,

Ahmed²,

Kotapati³

et al. 2018

IJMEDPH

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Background: Patients who suffer from major depressive episodes and bipolar disorder often exhibit pharmaco-resistance. Therefore, novel treatment methodologies are being proposed to treat the disease or provide symptomatic relief. VNS and DBS are two such techniques, both of which utilize neurostimulation to achieve therapeutic relief. However, it is necessary to establish the comparative efficacies of these methods in treating MDD in patients. Objective: To assess the relative difference in the efficacy of VNS versus DBS for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and bipolar depression and to provide evidence for the superior technique. Methods: To compare the efficacy of VNS versus DBS for the reduction of depressive symptoms in patients who meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies of the subject. Twenty-six studies were selected, consisting of 1160 patients who were treated with either VNS (Mean age = 47.75 years old, mean duration of illness = 22.86 years) or DBS (Mean age = 33.11 years old, mean duration of illness = 9.9 years) treatment arms and analyzed them to determine the amount of improvement in mood. The primary outcome measures were evaluated in terms of change between pre-test and post-test scores over a period of three months, as measured by HDRS and MADRS rating scales. Results: A comparison of the summary effect size produced by VNS (HDRS = 1.247, MADRS = 1.110) to that produced by DBS (HDRS = 2.063, MADRS = 1.996) seems to demonstrate that DBS is the more effective treatment. The effect size for VNS was lower than that of DBS groups, indicating that DBS is more effective than VNS. The finding is corroborated by the tests of heterogeneity; while the VNS group of studies indicated a high level of heterogeneity Vs. DBS group indicated insignificant level of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Current meta-analysis demonstrates that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a better treatment modality for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression than Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS). However, as the VNS and DBS groups differed concerning the clinical profiles of the patients (both in terms of age and regarding the duration of the illness. Research studies with larger, synchronous sample sizes and control groups are required for a meta-analysis to draw a steadfast conclusion.

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Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) vs. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Comparative Meta-analytic Review Article View

Khan¹,

Ahmed²,

Kotapati³

et al. 2018

IJMEDPH

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“…In contrast to technologies that have deep irreversible impacts on neurological health and identity, and which are therefore exclusively applied in therapeutic settings [ 38 , 39 ], there is already an audience and a market for these ‘softer’ technologies. That is, in contrast to the more scary neuro-tools that are actually inserted into the brain (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ‘Hard’ Neuro-Tools to ‘Soft’ Neuro-Toys? Refocussing the Neuro-Enhancement Debate

Brenninkmeijer

Zwart

2016

Neuroethics

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Since the 1990’s, the debate concerning the ethical, legal and societal aspects of ‘neuro-enhancement’ has evolved into a massive discourse, both in the public realm and in the academic arena. This ethical debate, however, tends to repeat the same sets of arguments over and over again. Normative disagreements between transhumanists and bioconservatives on invasive or radical brain stimulators, and uncertainties regarding the use and effectivity of nootropic pharmaceuticals dominate the field. Building on the results of an extensive European project on responsible research and innovation in neuro-enhancement (NERRI), we observe and encourage that the debate is now entering a new and, as we will argue, more realistic and societally relevant stage. This new stage concerns those technologies that enter the market as ostensibly harmless contrivances that consumers may use for self-care or entertainment. We use the examples and arguments of participants in NERRI debates to describe three case studies of such purportedly innocent ‘toys’. Based upon this empirical material, we argue that these ‘soft’ enhancement gadgets are situated somewhere in the boundary zone between the internal and the external, between the intimate and the intrusive, between the familiar and the unfamiliar, between the friendly and the scary and, in Foucauldian terms, between technologies of the self and technologies of control. Therefore, we describe their physiognomy with the help of a term borrowed from Jacques Lacan, namely as “extimate” technologies.

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A Young Scientists’ Perspective on DBS: A Plea for an International DBS Organization

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) vs. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Comparative Meta-analytic Review Article View

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) vs. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Comparative Meta-analytic Review Article View

From ‘Hard’ Neuro-Tools to ‘Soft’ Neuro-Toys? Refocussing the Neuro-Enhancement Debate

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