A Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) model for nerve regeneration and ischemia based on the sciatic nerve and femoral artery

Kinsley, Sarah E.; Fernicola, Stephen D.; Dingle, Marvin E.; Williams, Milfred S.; Richardson, Jody M.; Taylor, Dennis; Vasconcellos, Jaira F. de; Malone, Timothy R.; Blattner, Matthew; Smith, Jonathan K.; Oliver, Alli; Koch, Amory; Riddle, Laura E.; Reiter, Cara P; Culp, William E.; Caterson, Edward J.; Nesti, Leon J.; Talbot, Simon G.

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151587

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Particularly, pig nerve regeneration occurs at the same rate as in humans, thereby increasing clinical translation. 29 Masseteric nerve transfer has played a prominent role in facial paralysis treatment. 30 To explore novel techniques (eg, electric stimulation devices) in enhancing functional outcomes of facial reanimation, we developed a masseteric-to-zygomatic nerve transfer model in both rats and pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomic Analysis of Masseteric-to-zygomatic Nerve Transfer in Rat and Pig Models

Millesi,

Suchyta,

Wang

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Nerve transfer from the masseteric branch of the trigeminal nerve is a widely performed procedure for facial reanimation. Despite achieving powerful muscle force, clinical and aesthetic results leave room for improvement. Preclinical animal models are invaluable to establishing new therapeutic approaches. This anatomical study aimed to establish a masseteric-to-zygomatic nerve transfer model in rats and pigs. Methods: The masseteric branch of the trigeminal nerve and the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve were dissected in 30 swine and 40 rat hemifaces. Both nerves were mobilized and approximated to achieve an overlap between the nerve ends. Over the course of dissecting both nerves, their anatomy, length, and branching pattern were documented. At the coaptation point, diameters of both nerves were measured, and samples were taken for neuromorphometric analysis. Results: Anatomic details and landmarks were described. Tension-free coaptation was possible in all rat and pig dissections. In rats, the masseteric branch had an average diameter of 0.36 mm (±0.06), and the zygomatic branch average diameter was 0.46 mm (±0.13). In pigs, the masseteric branch measured 0.52 (±0.16) mm and the zygomatic branch, 0.59 (±0.16) mm. No significant differences were found between the diameters and axon counts of both nerves in pigs. In rats, however, their diameters, axon counts, and fascicular areas were significantly different. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of direct masseteric-to-zygomatic nerve transfer in rats and pigs and provided general anatomic knowledge of both nerves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, pig nerve regeneration occurs at the same rate as in humans, thereby increasing clinical translation. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic Analysis of Masseteric-to-zygomatic Nerve Transfer in Rat and Pig Models

Millesi,

Suchyta,

Wang

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is accepted that macrophage-induced VEGF-A secretion leads to a polarised microvasculature, ultimately directing Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Accordingly, the microvascular system is the main stimulator for neural regeneration as it sustains cell metabolism, provides nutritional and trophic factors and contributes to distinct steps of the healing cascade through the recruitment of circulating stem cells (Caillaud et al, 2019;Laschke and Menger, 2015). Beside the well-established role of angiogenesis, we previously speculated that the lymphatic system and lymphangiogenesis may be critically involved in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration (Frueh et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral nerve injuries are a frequent problem, affecting approximately 20 million US-Americans each year (Grinsell and Keating, 2014). Moreover, severe nerve injuries are commonly associated with a relevant socioeconomic burden because longterm sequelae result in high drop-out rates from work environment (Bergmeister et al, 2020;Kinsley et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraneural fibrosis and loss of microvascular architecture — Key findings investigating failed human nerve allografts

Zucal

Mihic‐Probst

Pignet

et al. 2022

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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BACKGROUND Processed nerve allografts are increasingly used in clinical nerve reconstruction with promising results. However, allograft failure has been reported, leading to chronic pain and persistent loss of function. In the present work, we performed a histological and immunohistochemical analysis of two failed allograft reconstructions of a sensory human nerve one year after primary surgery. METHODS Two patients with a superficial radial nerve injury underwent nerve reconstruction with processed nerve allografts. The clinical follow-up was complicated by severe neuropathic pain and absent sensory reinnervation. Consequently, the failed allografts were excised with subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations. For that purpose, the collagen content and neurofilament network as well as the blood and lymphatic vasculature were analysed in the center of the specimens. RESULTS Histology revealed increased fibrosis, fatty degeneration, and disorganised proliferation of nerve fibres. Moreover, the microvascular network within the allografts was characterised by increased numbers of microvessels, whereas no difference was found concerning the lymphatic vasculature. CONCLUSION The herein presented histological and immunohistochemical findings indicate that the failure of human allografts is associated with loss of the physiological microvascular architecture. Future studies elucidating the complex interplay of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and axonal regeneration are required to better understand the mechanisms of human allograft failure.

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Detailed anatomical study of the peripheral motor branches of the facial nerve in the swine model: A novel investigative approach for facial paralysis research

Millesi¹,

Suchyta²,

Lachman³

et al. 2023

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

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A Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) model for nerve regeneration and ischemia based on the sciatic nerve and femoral artery

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Anatomic Analysis of Masseteric-to-zygomatic Nerve Transfer in Rat and Pig Models

Anatomic Analysis of Masseteric-to-zygomatic Nerve Transfer in Rat and Pig Models

Intraneural fibrosis and loss of microvascular architecture — Key findings investigating failed human nerve allografts

Detailed anatomical study of the peripheral motor branches of the facial nerve in the swine model: A novel investigative approach for facial paralysis research

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