A year in review in Minerva Anestesiologica 2021. Critical care

Cavaliere, Franco; Biancofiore, Gianni; Bignami, Elena; Robertis, Edoardo De; Giannini, Alberto; Grasso, Salvatore; Piastra, Marco; Scolletta, Sabino; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Terragni, Pierpaolo

doi:10.23736/s0375-9393.21.16409-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…In this section, the discussion on the management of acute dyspnea will be focused on the use of non-invasive respiratory support strategies which may be instituted by the ED physician, including high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) [ 90 – 93 ]. We will not discuss the pharmacological treatment of patients with dyspnea [ 3 , 94 , 95 ], nor the management of acutely dyspneic patients requiring intubation and invasive ventilation at ED presentation.…”

Section: Management Of Acute Dyspnea With Non-invasive Respiratory Su...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute dyspnea in the emergency department: a clinical review

et al. 2023

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Acute dyspnea represents one of the most frequent symptoms leading to emergency room evaluation. Its significant prognostic value warrants a careful evaluation. The differential diagnosis of dyspnea is complex due to the lack of specificity and the loose association between its intensity and the severity of the underlying pathological condition. The initial assessment of dyspnea calls for prompt diagnostic evaluation and identification of optimal monitoring strategy and provides information useful to allocate the patient to the most appropriate setting of care. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that lung ultrasound, along with echocardiography, represents the first rapid and non-invasive line of assessment that accurately differentiates heart, lung or extra-pulmonary involvement in patients with dyspnea. Moreover, non-invasive respiratory support modalities such as high-flow nasal oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure have aroused major clinical interest, in light of their efficacy and practicality to treat patients with dyspnea requiring ventilatory support, without using invasive mechanical ventilation. This clinical review is focused on the pathophysiology of acute dyspnea, on its clinical presentation and evaluation, including ultrasound-based diagnostic workup, and on available non-invasive modalities of respiratory support that may be required in patients with acute dyspnea secondary or associated with respiratory failure.

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