A worldwide survey of variation in scale pattern of the abdominal tergum of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

McClelland, G. A. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1974.tb00853.x

Cited by 65 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…white scaling on the first abdominal tergite) is not a reliable method to distinguish between the two divergent genetic forms of Ae. aegypti, particularly in West Africa [16,25]. Indeed, we currently know of no morphological character that can reliably differentiate them, though background cuticle and scale colour, traits ignored in most previous studies, deserve further attention.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Discrete Genetic Clusters Within Aedes Aegyptimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mattingly himself, however, acknowledged that the true situation was more complex, particularly within Africa. Mattingly [26,27] and McClelland [25] documented continuous variation in one of the morphological characters (scaling patterns) that was supposed to be diagnostic of the two subspecies. Nevertheless, allozyme studies from the 1970s and 1980s identified a clear genetic structure and supported the idea that Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple ‘domestications’ ofAedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases

et al. 2011

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Understanding the processes by which species colonize and adapt to human habitats is particularly important in the case of disease-vectoring arthropods. The mosquito species Aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, probably originated as a wild, zoophilic species in sub-Saharan Africa, where some populations still breed in tree holes in forested habitats. Many populations of the species, however, have evolved to thrive in human habitats and to bite humans. This includes some populations within Africa as well as almost all those outside Africa. It is not clear whether all domestic populations are genetically related and represent a single 'domestication' event, or whether association with human habitats has developed multiple times independently within the species. To test the hypotheses above, we screened 24 worldwide population samples of Ae. aegypti at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We identified two distinct genetic clusters: one included all domestic populations outside of Africa and the other included both domestic and forest populations within Africa. This suggests that human association in Africa occurred independently from that in domestic populations across the rest of the world. Additionally, measures of genetic diversity support Ae. aegypti in Africa as the ancestral form of the species. Individuals from domestic populations outside Africa can reliably be assigned back to their population of origin, which will help determine the origins of new introductions of Ae. aegypti.

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Section: Discussion (A) Discrete Genetic Clusters Within Aedes Aegyptimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple ‘domestications’ ofAedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases

et al. 2011

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“…These pale scales are not seen on the abdominal terga of Ae. aegypti aegypti (Figure 5b) [33]. Given such minute differences, it is difficult to differentiate these two forms when scales on the abdominal terga are rubbed off.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The imagos were identified by experienced taxonomists at EHI according to taxonomic keys [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][31][32][33][34][35]. A reference number was assigned to each adult mosquito which then was deposited as voucher specimens in the EHI mosquito repository.…”

Section: Mosquito Collection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding: complementing morphological identification of mosquito species in Singapore

Chan

Chiang²,

Hapuarachchi

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Taxonomy that utilizes morphological characteristics has been the gold standard method to identify mosquito species. However, morphological identification is challenging when the expertise is limited and external characters are damaged because of improper specimen handling. Therefore, we explored the applicability of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene-based DNA barcoding as an alternative tool to identify mosquito species. In the present study, we compared the morphological identification of mosquito specimens with their differentiation based on COI barcode, in order to establish a more reliable identification system for mosquito species found in Singapore. Methods: We analysed 128 adult mosquito specimens, belonging to 45 species of 13 genera. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and other genera of mosquitoes and the distinctive clustering of different species was compared with their taxonomic identity. Results: The COI-based DNA barcoding achieved a 100% success rate in identifying the mosquito species. We also report COI barcode sequences of 16 mosquito species which were not available previously in sequence databases. Conclusions: Our study utilised for the first time DNA barcoding to identify mosquito species in Singapore. COI-based DNA barcoding is a useful tool to complement taxonomy-based identification of mosquito species.

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“…In addition to its attraction to tree holes for breeding habitats and egg laying, it has a preference for non-human blood as sources of blood meals (required by females for egg production) and feeds on wild animals. Morphologically, this form is much darker than the form adapted to human habitats (McClelland, 1974). The second subspecies, Ae. aegypti aegypti (often designated by the shorter name Ae.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2018

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

show abstract

A worldwide survey of variation in scale pattern of the abdominal tergum of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple ‘domestications’ ofAedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases

Worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple ‘domestications’ ofAedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases

DNA barcoding: complementing morphological identification of mosquito species in Singapore

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