A Worldwide Perspective of Atypical Pathogens in Community-acquired Pneumonia

Arnold, Forest W.; Summersgill, James T.; LaJoie, A. Scott; Peyrani, Paula; Marrie, Thomas J.; Rossi, Paolo; Blasi, Francesco; Fernández, Patricia; File, Thomas M.; Rello, Jordi; Menéndez, Rosário; Marzoratti, Lucia; Luna, Carlos M.; Ramirez, Julio A.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200603-350oc

Cited by 206 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In Table 1, according to CAPO that is based on 4,337 patients: the atypical pathogen detectable rates in North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia/Africa are 22%, 28%, 21% and 20% respectively (22). However, different countries and regions have different atypical detectable rates.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Atypical Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few CAP inpatients develop severe communityacquired pneumonia (SCAP) and require intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Due to frequent complications and a long hospitalization period, mortality among these patients is high (1)(2)(3). More than 2 million children under age 5 are killed by pneumonia every year world wide, more than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atypical pathogen infection in community-acquired pneumonia

Fei

2016

BST

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Section: Prevalence Of Atypical Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical pathogen infection in community-acquired pneumonia

Fei

2016

BST

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“…In an attempt to investigate some of the controversies in the field of NHAP, we performed a secondary analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) database 10 to evaluate the frequency of NHAP in hospitalized patients with CAP in different regions of the world and to compare severity, microbial patterns, and outcomes between the two groups of hospitalized subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Worldwide Perspective of Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia Compared With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

et al. 2013

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the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) Investigators BACKGROUND: Nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) is the leading cause of death among long-term care patients and the second most common cause of transfers to acute care facilities. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence, microbiology, and outcomes for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and NHAP. METHODS: A secondary analysis of 5,160 patients from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization database was performed. World regions were defined as the United States and Canada (I), Latin America (II), and Europe (III). RESULTS: From a total of 5,160 hospitalized patients with CAP, NHAP was identified in 287 (5.6%) patients. Mean age was 80 y. NHAP distribution by region was 6% in region I, 3% in region II, and 7% in region III. Subjects with NHAP had higher frequencies of neurological disease, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and renal failure than did subjects with CAP (P < .001). ICU admission was required in 32 (12%) subjects. Etiology was defined in 68 (23%) subjects with NHAP and 1,300 (27%) with CAP. The most common pathogens identified in NHAP included Streptococcus pneumoniae (31%), Staphylococcus species (31%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%). Presentation of NHAP more frequently included pleural effusions (34% vs 21%, P < .001) and multilobar involvement (31% vs 24%, P < .001). Thirty-day hospital mortality was statistically greater among subjects with NHAP than among those with CAP (42% vs 18%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Worldwide, only a very small proportion of hospitalized patients with CAP present with NHAP; the poor outcomes for these patients may be due primarily to a higher number of comorbidities compared with patients without NHAP.

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“…Lee et al identified eight studies reporting the association between the time to initiate antibiotics and patient outcomes. Four out of five retrospective studies reported statistically significant associations between the time to initiate antibiotics and short-term mortality with a 5% to 46% relative risk reduction (7)(8)(9)(10). However, these studies were limited by their retrospective design based on medical records limiting the number of variables available for adjustment.…”

Section: Optimal Time To Antibiotic Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%