A world free of malaria: It is time for Africa to actively champion and take leadership of elimination and eradication strategies

Egwu, Chinedu Ogbonnia; Aloke, Chinyere; Chukwu, Jennifer; Agwu, Anthony; Alum, Esther U.; Tsamesidis, Ioannis; Aja, P. M.; Offor, Christian E.; Obasi, Nwogo Ajuka

doi:10.4314/ahs.v22i4.68

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Bed net use offers personal protection from getting mosquito bites. Widespread ITN use has been seen to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in Kenya and Nigeria [28][29][30]. Having a mother as a caregiver was independently protective of cerebral malaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Risk Factors and Prevalence of Cerebral Malaria in Children below 10 Years in Kiryandogo General Hospital.

Kereen¹

2023

IDOSR JST

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This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of cerebral malaria among children aged 10years and below in Kiryandogo General Hospital. The study was done in Kiryandogo General Hospital with target population of children diagnosed with cerebral malaria between February – December 2017 and constituted a sample size of 100 cases obtained using Kish and Leslie formula. The results were analyzed using descriptive method to calculate frequencies, proportions, means, measures of association and their 95% confidence intervals. Stepwise forward logistic regression was done for all variables that were significantly associated with cerebral malaria at the p=0.25 level on bivariate analysis to determine the independent factors associated with cerebral malaria. The results revealed that out of 100 cases that were enrolled into this study, the majority were male; 58.0% compared to females; 42.0%. the risk factors were found as follows; Caregiver factors associated with cerebral malaria among children were; having at least secondary education, being the mother of the child and female caregiver although not significant. Environmental factors that were significantly associated with Cerebral malaria were; staying in house under construction, staying in a house with open eaves or poorly covered windows, stagnant water within 10 meters from household and having received IRS 12 months preceding child's illness. Household related factors that were significantly protective of cerebral malaria were; sleeping under mosquito net every night and owning at least one ITN in the household. Patient related factors that were significantly associated with Cerebral malaria were; undernutrition and history of malaria illness. Health system factors that were significantly associated with Cerebral malaria among children were; distance between home and nearest health facility >10km, delayed diagnosis and having received antimalarial medicines at initial visit to a health facility. The study also revealed that children who were managed by a VHT were 1.53 times more likely to have cerebral malaria than those who were not. However, this finding was not statistically significant. A Stepwise forward logistic regression analysis revealed that patient related factors that were associated with mortality were; under nutrition and age <5 years. Caregiver healthcare seeking behavioural factors that were associated with mortality due to Cerebral malaria were; duration of child's symptoms before seeking medical care >2 days and first action taken was seeking medical care though not statistically significant. A bivariate analysis revealed the independent risk factors for Cerebral malaria as; distance >10km to the nearest health facility, duration of symptoms before seeking medical care >2 days, staying in a house under construction and duration of illness before receiving antimalarial medicines >24 hours. Owning at least one ITN in the household and having a mother as a caregiver were independent protective factors for cerebral malaria. The prevalence of cerebral malaria was high among children aged 5 years and below with the median age being 3 years. Most of the age group of children affected with cerebral malaria that died was 0-3 years. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, cerebral malaria, children aged 10 years, under nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Risk Factors and Prevalence of Cerebral Malaria in Children below 10 Years in Kiryandogo General Hospital.

Kereen¹

2023

IDOSR JST

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“…Malaria infections kill many people in malaria-endemic nations with poor healthcare resources. The World Health Organization [1][2][3] estimates that 300-500 million people are infected with malaria each year, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in over one million fatalities, more than 75% of whom are children under the age of five. Approximately 81% of malaria cases and 91% of malaria fatalities occur in the African Region, where it remains one of the leading causes of mortality and significant illness, particularly among children and pregnant women; 86% of malaria deaths worldwide occur among children under the age of five [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the NMCP has led several efforts to reduce this malaria burden, which include universal coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), case management, and intermittent preventive therapy in pregnant women [7]. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito between dark and dawn [2,8]. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale are the parasites that cause malaria in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Complicated Malaria in Children under 5 Years at Kiryandongo General Hospital, Uganda

Joel

2024

IDOSR-JBBAF

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Malaria remains a significant public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where children under the age of five are disproportionately affected. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical profile of complicated malaria among children under five years at Kiryandongo General Hospital in Uganda. Data were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 192 children admitted with malaria. Results showed that 37.5% of children had complicated malaria, with the highest prevalence observed in the 2-3 years age group (25%). Males were more affected (61%), and convulsions, hyperparasitemia, and hypoglycemia were common symptoms, particularly among children aged two to three years. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and improved healthcare resources to combat malaria, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children in endemic regions. Keywords: Malaria, Complicated Malaria, Children, Prevalence, Clinical Profile, Kiryandongo General Hospital, Uganda.

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“…Reports have shown that in clinical cases of malaria, anemia is a prominent factor [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], which is possibly caused by destruction of infected blood cells by the reticulo-endothelial system and hemolysis of infected cells [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals in malaria-endemic areas that are considered semi-immune to malaria can also develop clinical malaria if they are infected with HIV. Also malaria infection is associated with strong CD4+ cell activation and up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, providing an ideal microenvironment for the spread of the virus among CD4 + cells and thus for rapid HIV-1 replication [23][24][25][26][27]. Study Design A descriptive cross sectional study was used for known HIV sero positive patients attending medical Ishaka Adventist Hospital and will involve systematic random sampling of participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Malaria in HIV/AIDS Patients at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District, Uganda.

Ritah¹

2023

IDOSR JST

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The study assessed the prevalence of malaria in HIV/AIDS patients attending HIV clinic at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, the study objectives were to determine the proportion of HIV patients with malaria, to identify the clinical manifestations of malaria among HIV positive patients and to review different techniques used in diagnosis of malaria at Ishaka Adventist Hospital in Bushenyi district. A descriptive cross sectional study was used for known HIV positive patients attending Ishaka Adventist Hospital and involved systematic random sampling of participants. The study found out that malaria prevalence was high among HIV patients at 9.8%, nearly all patients who were diagonised with malaria reported having had fever previously 87.1% , the presentation of malaria can better be assesed as uncomplicated malaria and complicated malaria and in this study majority of the signs assessed were of uncomplicated malaria, diagnostic measures of laboratory remain the most perfect way of diagnosing malaria other than clinical assessment especially in HIV patients who are immunocompromised nd can be ill of various oppotunistic infection. Although various methods have been advanced to curb malaria epidemic , the prevalence is still high, so the the following are recommendation; the government should distribute more mosquito nets especially those whoare immunocompromissed like HIV patients, agencies for fighting malaria and those of HIV should work together inorder to reduce the number of HIV patients getting malaria infection, patients should be health educated on the main signs and symptoms of malaria such that they can quickly seek medical attention incase of the need, patients should be encouraged to take their ARVs to maintain their immunity relatively high so that they are not severely affected by malaria. Keywords: Ishaka, Adventist Hospital, Malaria, Immunocompromised, Infection.

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A world free of malaria: It is time for Africa to actively champion and take leadership of elimination and eradication strategies

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Evaluation of the Risk Factors and Prevalence of Cerebral Malaria in Children below 10 Years in Kiryandogo General Hospital.

Evaluation of the Risk Factors and Prevalence of Cerebral Malaria in Children below 10 Years in Kiryandogo General Hospital.

Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Complicated Malaria in Children under 5 Years at Kiryandongo General Hospital, Uganda

Occurrence of Malaria in HIV/AIDS Patients at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District, Uganda.

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