A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Rural and Forest Fire Detection and Verification

Abstract

Forest and rural fires are one of the main causes of environmental degradation in Mediterranean countries. Existing fire detection systems only focus on detection, but not on the verification of the fire. However, almost all of them are just simulations, and very few implementations can be found. Besides, the systems in the literature lack scalability. In this paper we show all the steps followed to perform the design, research and development of a wireless multisensor network which mixes sensors with IP cameras in a wireless network in order to detect and verify fire in rural and forest areas of Spain. We have studied how many cameras, sensors and access points are needed to cover a rural or forest area, and the scalability of the system. We have developed a multisensor and when it detects a fire, it sends a sensor alarm through the wireless network to a central server. The central server selects the closest wireless cameras to the multisensor, based on a software application, which are rotated to the sensor that raised the alarm, and sends them a message in order to receive real-time images from the zone. The camera lets the fire fighters corroborate the existence of a fire and avoid false alarms. In this paper, we show the test performance given by a test bench formed by four wireless IP cameras in several situations and the energy consumed when they are transmitting. Moreover, we study the energy consumed by each device when the system is set up. The wireless sensor network could be connected to Internet through a gateway and the images of the cameras could be seen from any part of the world.

Integrating sensors with the cloud using dynamic proxies

“…WSNs are mainly used to monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and vibration and pressure [8]. The applications of WSNs can be applied in many areas, such as forest fire detection [9], medical monitoring [10] and pollution monitoring [11]. A generic wireless sensor consists of several components:…”

IoT-Based Intelligent Modeling of Smart Home Environment for Fire Prevention and Safety

“…Few of them use IP-based cameras and mixed multi-sensors [22] on wireless mesh network to detect a fire efficiently. They use these three parameters to make an efficient system to identify and verify fire.…”

Understanding Forest Health with Remote Sensing-Part II—A Review of Approaches and Data Models

“…In the context of FHM, WSNs are implemented for the detection and verification of forest fires in real time [53,55]. Brum et al [60] used WSNs to demonstrate the effects of the 2015 El-Niño extreme drought on the sap flow of trees in eastern Amazonia.…”

“…Forest fire detection [53,55] WSNs are implemented for the detection and verification of forest fires in real time.…”