A wireless-electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation DMMP sensor

Porous Pb-Doped ZnO Nanobelts with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies: Preparation and Their Chemiresistive Sensing Performance

“…For the samples doped with Pb, the response values of all the samples increased first with the increase in the temperature and reached the maximum at 300 • C. By continuously increasing the working temperature, the response value decreases. This phenomenon was very common in the field of resistancetype gas sensors and could be reasonably interpreted as follows [34]. At a low temperature, the gas molecules did not have enough energy to overcome the energy barrier to react with the oxygen species adsorbed on the materials surface, and the diffusion process was slow.…”

Gas sensors based on mass-sensitive transducers. Part 2: Improving the sensors towards practical application

“…26. Chen et al achieved successful detection of DMMP with a wireless Q-TSMR having both resonance frequency and dissipation output [487]. The MST was covered by hollow ball-like indium oxide and enabled 2.1 Hz/ppmv sensitivity and an LDL below 5 ppmv.…”

Metal Oxide Nanosystems As Chemoresistive Gas Sensors for Chemical Warfare Agents: A Focused Review

“…Up to date, CWA detection has been carried out through different approaches, methods, and devices, [8,14,18,20,35,53,65,78,[81][82][83] including: i) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, detecting velocity/amplitude variations occurring upon propagation of an acoustic wave through a piezoelectric substrate by measuring the sensor frequency or phase characteristics, which are correlated to gas concentration; [3,36,45,48,57,66,84] ii) quartz crystal microbalance sensors, measuring the resonance frequency of a quartz crystal as a function of the operating conditions; [37,46] iii) Table 1. Chemical formula, toxicology classification, and IDLH (immediately dangerous for life and health) thresholds for the main CWAs.…”

“…Up to date, CWA detection has been carried out through different approaches, methods, and devices, [ 8,14,18,20,35,53,65,78,81–83 ] including: i) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, detecting velocity/amplitude variations occurring upon propagation of an acoustic wave through a piezoelectric substrate by measuring the sensor frequency or phase characteristics, which are correlated to gas concentration; [ 3,36,45,48,57,66,84 ] ii) quartz crystal microbalance sensors, measuring the resonance frequency of a quartz crystal as a function of the operating conditions; [ 37,46 ] iii) surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based sensors, that recognize the target analytes utilizing the electromagnetic field enhancement of plasmonic substrates in combination with the chemical specificity of vibrational Raman spectroscopy; [ 69 ] iv) supramolecular sensors, involving the occurrence of non‐covalent interactions between the sensing system and the analyte; [ 8 ] v) biosensors, in which the biological recognition component should be immobilized and have intimate contact with the transducer upon binding with the analyte, yielding ultimately qualitative and quantitative responses; [ 85 ] vi) liquid crystal‐based sensors, that, upon contact with the analyte, yield orientational (and thus optical) responses; [ 86 ] vii) colorimetric and fluorescence sensors, more investigated than the previously mentioned ones, enabling gas detection through the measurement of color/luminescence variations. [ 4,9,12,15–17,23,25,59,87 ]…”

“…the hands of terrorists, and their recurring use makes them a contemporary and persistent hazard. [8,13,[23][24][25][26][27] Examples in this regard include nerve agents release in Japan (Matsumoto, 1994 andTokyo, 1995), [2][3][4][36][37][38][39][40] Al Qaeda threats, [41] the assassination of Kim Jong-Nam, the half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, at Kuala Lumpur Airport (Malaysia) in 2017, [42,43] and the poisoning of the Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter in Salisbury (UK) in 2018. [44] Highly lethal CWAs, that can be classified into four main categories (see Table 1; nerve, blood, vesicant, and choking agents [2,4,5,10,17,28,[45][46][47][48] ) can burn and blister skin/eyes, enter into the body in blood and attack the nervous system.…”