A Wind Tunnel Setup for Fluid-Structure Interaction Measurements Using Optical Methods

Nietiedt, S.; Wester, Tom T. B.; Langidis, Apostolos; Kröger, Lars; Rofallski, Robin; Göring, Martina; Kühn, Martin; Gülker, Gerd; Lühmann, Thomas

doi:10.3390/s22135014

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The application for simulation-based accuracy investigation is given by wind tunnel experiments for the investigation of fluidstructure interactions (FSI) (Nietiedt et al, 2022). This phenomenon describes the interaction of a flexible structure with the surrounding wind flow.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Accuracy Investigation of a Photogrammetric Setup to Measure a Dynamic Process

Nietiedt

Luhmann

2022

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. The verification of a measurement system is an essential part of system development. For this purpose, various guidelines can be used to evaluate and validate photogrammetric systems. However, these guidelines are only designed to validate systems that observe a static scene. Hence, these guidelines cannot validate measurement systems that observe dynamic scenes. In addition, reference data is not available for most systems, making verification significantly more difficult or not a practical solution. In this work, a simulation-based verification approach is presented. The presented approach allows the analysis of complex systems and the investigation of specific processing steps. The approach is based on a Monte Carlo simulation, which only requires the probability density distributions of the input data and synthetic reference data. For this purpose, the probability density distributions of the input data are determined by kernel density estimation to generate realistic input data. The application is a wind tunnel test, where aerodynamic and structural dynamic phenomena are observed at a wind turbine model. The measurement system consists of four high-speed cameras, which acquire the rotor blades' deformations. The objective of the simulation is to evaluate the complete process regarding the accuracy and precision of the measurement system. Experimental data can be used to estimate the quality of the simulation. It was shown that the simulation produces realistic results and that it is suitable for validating dynamic measurement systems. The simulation showed that the precision and accuracy of the system are highly dependent from the estimation of the self-motion. The achieved accuracy is still high and allows the detection of small-scale blade deformations.

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Accuracy Investigation of a Photogrammetric Setup to Measure a Dynamic Process

Nietiedt

Luhmann

2022

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…Particle illumination has also improved through the development of laser technology, allowing scientists to investigate larger volumes [5][6][7] or measure with higher temporal resolution. In addition to the development of lasers, LEDs are increasingly becoming potential illumination sources in an ever-growing number of PIV scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards a Miniaturised PIV System

Özer

Quinn

2022

Sensors

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Particle image velocimetry is an important optical flow diagnostic tool due to its capacity for investigating a whole flow field without introducing disturbances. However, a significant drawback of PIV methods is their requirement for optical access, making capturing data in closed cavities and confined spaces extremely challenging. A potential approach to overcome this difficulty is miniaturising the system and placing the optical components inside the model. Conventional cross-correlation PIV methods do not allow this due to the size of current PIV cameras. In this study, a miniaturised autocorrelation-based stereo PIV system, which is volumetrically 1.2% of the conventional PIV cameras, was developed and tested. The miniature system is compared with a conventional stereo PIV in wind tunnel experiments up to 16 m/s free stream velocity and a 1.6% velocity difference is observed in the boundary layer flow. Despite a comparatively slow measurement rate of 4.5 Hz, the miniature PIV system demonstrates the ability to measure inside confined spaces and cavities and the ability to be mounted on board models and vehicles. However, limitations remain around conducting measurements with large velocity ranges and with regions of reversed flow due to the challenge of resolving a velocity of 0 m/s.

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Investigating the Structural and Power Performance of a 15 MW Class Wind Energy Generation System under Experimental Wind and Marine Loading

Ali,

Park,

Lee

2024

JMSE

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The global transition to renewables in response to climate change has largely been supported by the expansion of wind power capacity and improvements in turbine technology. This is being made possible mainly due to improvements in the design of highly efficient turbines exceeding a 10 MW rated power. Apart from power efficiency, wind turbines must withstand the mechanical stress caused by wind–hydro conditions. Such comprehensive structural analysis has rarely been performed previously, especially for large-scale wind turbines under real environmental conditions. The present work analyzes the energy production and structural performance of an NREL-IEA 15 MW wind turbine using measured wind and hydro data. First of all, an optimum operating range is determined in terms of the wind speed and blade pitch angle to maximize the power coefficient. Then, at this optimum range, a detailed breakdown of the forces and moments acting on different components of the wind turbine is presented. It was found that wind speeds of 9 to 12 m/s are best suited for this wind turbine, as the power coefficient is at its maximum and the mechanical loads on all components are at a minimum. The loads are at a minimum due to the optimized blade pitch angle. The bending force on a monopile foundation (fixed on the seabed) is found to be at a maximum and corresponds to nearly 2000 kN. The maximum blade force is nearly 700 kN, whereas on the tower it is almost 250 kN. The maximum force on the tower occurs at a point which is found to be undersea, whereas above-sea, the maximum force on the tower is nearly 20% less than the undersea maximum force. Finally, seasonal and annual energy production is also estimated using locally measured wind conditions.

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A Wind Tunnel Setup for Fluid-Structure Interaction Measurements Using Optical Methods

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Simulation-Based Accuracy Investigation of a Photogrammetric Setup to Measure a Dynamic Process

Simulation-Based Accuracy Investigation of a Photogrammetric Setup to Measure a Dynamic Process

Progress towards a Miniaturised PIV System

Investigating the Structural and Power Performance of a 15 MW Class Wind Energy Generation System under Experimental Wind and Marine Loading

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