A Wind‐Driven Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Electret and Polylactide Polymer‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Temperature Detection System

Abstract

With growing interest in artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, self‐powered electronics have gained considerable attention. In this investigation, a wind‐driven hybrid nanogenerator system comprising a poly(l‐lactic acid)‐based piezoelectric nanogenerator and a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) electret‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (E‐TENG) is proposed. At a wind speed of 5.1 m s−1, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current (Isc) of the hybrid nanogenerator (NG) reach ≈140 V and 16 µA, respectively. The maximum output power of the hybrid NG reaches ≈0.49 mW with a matching resistance of 8 MΩ, which is 22% larger than the output power of the E‐TENG. The hybrid NG can charge a lithium battery to 2.9 V in 8 h. Furthermore, the charged battery can be employed to drive an IR remote controlled light‐emitting diode lamp and turn the lamp on and off. In addition, it can be combined with a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) temperature sensor to form a self‐powered BLE temperature detection system. The hybrid NG shows great promise in self‐powered environmental monitoring and detection applications.

Recent Progress in Piezoelectric-Triboelectric Effects Coupled Nanogenerators

“…The PTCNG can charge the lithium battery to 2.9 V within 8 h, which is used to drive the infrared remote LED lamp and control the switch of the lamp. It effectively uses the wind energy and increases the recycling of clean energy [ 120 ].…”

Century Impact of Macromolecules for Advances of Sensing Sciences

“…Ren et al has designed unimorph hybrid material from polylactide acid and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) with the potential to convert wind into electricity (0.49 mW) to serve a self-powered low energy blue tooth system. The hybrid also exhibits the change in resistance with temperature for monitoring of change in environmental temperature as a fire detection system [ 35 ].…”

“… Composition Analytes Sensing behavior References 1 Polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt, poly-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and poly (vinylidene difluoride) Strain Improved gauge factor by 9.8 ± 0.3 [ 45 ] 2 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(4-styrenesulfonate) Temperature Linearity 99.86%, sensitivity 658.5 Ω/°C, and temperature range of 30–40 °C [ 46 ] 3 Stimulus responsive polymer hydrogels Pressure Bio sensitive with quicker response time [ 47 ] 4 Silver/polypyrrole Physiological signals Strain gauge factor (≈ 21 for 18–20 strain) and pressure sensitivity (≈ 0.58 kPa − 1 in 300–400 Pa [ 48 ] 5 Iron oxide embedded polyester Magnetic field High dielectric constant i.e. 78 and tangent loss of 0.45 at 100 Hz [ 49 ] 6 Poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene Temperature Nano generation with open-circuit voltage, short‐circuit current ≈ 140 V and 16 µA [ 35 ] 7 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate) Temperature High-temperature sensitivity − 0.77% °C − 1 between 25 and 50 °C with excellent stability in 30–80% RH [ 50 ] 8 Glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol Temperature High sensitivity, short response time to temperature, and excellent accuracy under severe weather cond...…”

Piezoelectric Materials-based Nanogenerators

“…The maximum output power and voltage are recorded as 14.17 µW and 9.05 V through the load resistance of 0.9 MΩ [131]. A wind-driven hybrid nanogenerator is reported where the PLA polymer layer was served as a piezoelectric energy harvester and the PET layer as a triboelectric energy harvester [132].…”