A white-box framework to oversee archaeological virtual reconstructions in space and time: Methods and tools

Demetrescu, Emanuel; Fanini, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.06.034

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For this reason, it is essential to encourage innovative procedures for the visualization and validation of the (indeed mainly subjective) reconstructive process of a monument in a no longer existing configuration (Aiello & Bolognesi, 2020;Giovannini, 2020). These new approaches make explicit the link between the reconstructed elements and the information underlying the reconstruction (thus showing the gap between the interpretation and the original data), as well as the different levels of plausibility and uncertainty of the 3D modelled parts (Apollonio & Giovannini, 2015;Grellert, Apollonio, Martens, & Nubbaum, 2018;Demetrescu & Fanini, 2017). Virtual replicas are also starting to show their extraordinary potential in the field of restoration.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark

Fallica

Garozzo

Santagati

2021

Virtual archaeol. rev.

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This paper addresses the challenge of digitally reconstructing ruined architectural sites and retracing their history, in order to virtually recompose their geometrical, stylistic and material integrity. To this end, the research team analyzed the ruins of the church of Santa Maria de Monasterio Albo, located in the ancient village of Misterbianco (Sicily) and destroyed (together with the entire hamlet) by the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna. In the last years, some excavation campaigns brought the church to the light, unveiling the remains of the main portal and six altars, which are one of the most remarkable examples of Mannerist art in eastern Sicily. This research aimed to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruct both the altars and the portal, ideally reviving their original 17th century configuration. This goal was achieved through an in-depth archival research (documents dating back to the years between 1300 and 1666 were consulted), an analysis of Classic and Renaissance treatises, and two integrated digital survey campaigns (laser scans and photogrammetry). The outcome is represented by the 3D models of the seven artifacts, which include surviving parts reconstructed as photogrammetric meshes, several fragments were placed in their likely early location through a virtual anastylosis, and NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) surfaces (recreating the no longer existing elements). The latter were 3D modelled based on the treatises (which provided information on the correct proportioning) or in analogy with other coeval similar artifacts. Overall, the digital reconstruction was based on the ethical principles of transparency of the intervention, recognition of non-original additions and distinction between evidence and hypothesis, according to the London Charter and the Seville Principles. The experimentation provides a valid support for possible interventions in the real world and is the starting point to develop a digital archive of the site, which would make the different accuracy levels the reconstruction explicit.Highlights:<ul><li>3D virtual reconstruction is effective to visualize and bring back to life ruined architectural artefacts.</li><li>Information about the artefacts original appearance was harvested through digital survey campaigns, archival documents, and comparisons with iconographic sources and coeval buildings.</li><li>The 3D reconstruction follows ethical principles of transparency and combines photogrammetric meshes (partly relocated through a virtual anastylosis) and NURBS surfaces.</li></ul>

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark

Fallica

Garozzo

Santagati

2021

Virtual archaeol. rev.

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“…In recognition of this, researchers are developing methodological processes for organizing and communicating the Notandum, ano 23, n. 54, set./dez. 2020 CEMOrOC-Feusp / GTSEAM various paradata (APOLLONIO and GIOVANNINI, 2015;DEMETRESCU, 2015DEMETRESCU, , 2018DEMETRESCU and FANINI, 2017;HAUCK, 2014;KUROCZYNSKI et al, 2016).…”

Section: Integrating Disparate Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Very Short Introduction to Digital Archaeology

Schoueri

Ferreira

2020

Notandum

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Visual reconstructions of archaeological sites and materials have been around since before the formal construction of archaeology as a discipline itself. However, there has been an expansion of the methods of reconstructing and representing the past in the last decades due to the use of digital technology. 3D modelling of archaeological sites and artifacts can generate aesthetically pleasing visualizations, but there is a danger of over-exaggerating or decontextualizing the past for public audiences. As digital artists and archaeologists, we should use caution with creating and disseminating archaeological visualizations. Considerations for scientific accuracy, ethics and educational value need to be taken into account. Therefore, this article introduces some of the theoretical issues involved with the digital reconstruction as well as an overview of the practical process of performing science-based archaeological 3D reconstructions and visualizations.

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“…The five-step method presented in this article is conceived to overcome such issues and use a 3D simulation tool based on the Extended Matrix (EM) [14,15], to answer precise archaeological questions that could arise during the analysis, synthesis and interpretation of a site. EM is a visual node-based formal language grounded on a stratigraphic approach designed for virtual archaeology and on the theory of knowledge graphs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Field Archaeology to Virtual Reconstruction: A Five Steps Method Using the Extended Matrix

Demetrescu

Ferdani

2021

Applied Sciences

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This article is framed into the theoretical and methodological background of virtual archaeology. The advantages of virtual archaeology and its weak points have long been discussed in academia, formulating theoretical foundations and principles to be followed in order to guarantee scientific results, where data are traceable, transparent and verifiable. Gathering the inheritance of the last 30 years of debates and research, this work proposes implementing these principles through the formulation of a methodological approach, to virtual reconstruction of archaeological contexts, consisting of an application protocol articulated in five steps. In particular, the proposed methodology is grounded in the Extended Matrix (EM), a formal language and tools entirely developed and tested by the Virtual Heritage lab of the CNR ISPC. The EM takes its cue from the Matrix of Harris and adapts its system to the specific needs arising in the fields of virtual reconstruction and scientific visualisation. This protocol, which ranges from fieldwork to the publication of scientific data, has been tested and systematised in over ten years of activity on various complex and significant archaeological contexts. In the article, each methodological step is supported by case studies described in detail and accompanied by a graphic apparatus that clearly illustrates the results obtained. These case studies led to the definition of version 1.2 of the EM as described in the methods section.

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A white-box framework to oversee archaeological virtual reconstructions in space and time: Methods and tools

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark

Retraced memories - virtual reconstruction of an architectural landmark

A Very Short Introduction to Digital Archaeology

From Field Archaeology to Virtual Reconstruction: A Five Steps Method Using the Extended Matrix

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