A wet-chemical method for the synthesis of in-doped CaZrO3 ceramic powders

Le, Jie; Rij, L.N van; Landschoot, R.C. van; Schoonman, J.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(99)00045-x

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Particularly, 10 mol% Indoped CaZaO 3 (represented as CaZr 0:9 In 0:1 O 3Àd hereafter) has already been utilized as a solid electrolyte in a hydrogen sensor for molten aluminum [2][3][4] and for molten copper [5,6], notwithstanding the existence of another phase precipitates [7,8]. Essentially, these oxides do not include protons as the constituents of the crystal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the electronic conductivities of In-doped CaZrO3 by a DC polarization technique

Kurita

Xiong

Imai

et al. 2010

Ionics

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The following hydrogen and oxygen concentration cells using the oxide protonic conductors, CaZr 0:98 In 0:02 O 3Àd and CaZr 0:9 In 0:1 O 3Àd , as the solid electrolyte were constructed, and their polarization behavior was studied,The characteristics between applied voltages and external currents (V-I characteristics) in a DC polarization state were studied at 1,173 to 1,273 K in various atmospheres at the side of the reversible electrode. From the obtained atmosphere dependence of the steady-state current, the solubilities of protons in In-doped CaZrO 3 were evaluated based on the appropriate defect model. The solubility of protons was found to decrease with increasing indium concentration in the matrix. The standard free energy of proton dissolution into In-doped CaZrO 3 of the composition CaZr 0:98 In 0:02 O 3Àd was estimated to be as follows:and that of the composition CaZr 0:9 In 0:1 O 3Àd could not be determined accurately.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the electronic conductivities of In-doped CaZrO3 by a DC polarization technique

Kurita

Xiong

Imai

et al. 2010

Ionics

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“…However, it is dif®cult to obtain very pure and homogeneous powders using a solid-state reaction. Several authors report the existence of an In-rich 7,8,18,19 or Zrpoor phase, 9,10 which is likely to be CaIn 2 O 4 . 7,18,19 Therefore, a wet chemical method was recently developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors report the existence of an In-rich 7,8,18,19 or Zrpoor phase, 9,10 which is likely to be CaIn 2 O 4 . 7,18,19 Therefore, a wet chemical method was recently developed. 18,19 This method is based on the preparation of an oxalate complex and subsequent calcination to an oxidic perovskite powder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the preparation of In-doped CaZrO3 using a peroxo-oxalate complexation method

Rij

Winnubst

et al. 2000

J. Mater. Chem.

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The wet chemical synthesis of CaZr 0.9 In 0.1 O 32a powders via a peroxo-oxalate complexation method has been studied in detail using different techniques, i.e. TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, EDX, and non-isothermal densi®cation. Using these techniques, the different reaction steps in the calcination process have been clari®ed. After drying the precipitated complex at 150 ³C for 3 h, a mixture of calcium oxalate and an amorphous zirconia phase is found. Between 200 and 450 ³C, the calcium oxalate decomposes into calcium carbonate. In the temperature range 450±800 ³C, the calcium carbonate decomposes into CaO, while a crystalline zirconia phase appears (CaZr 4 O 9 ). In this temperature range, the formation of CaZrO 3 is already observed. Further increasing the calcination temperature to 1000 ³C leads to a binary mixture of CaZrO 3 and CaIn 2 O 4 . When the calcination temperature is increased to around 1500 ³C, the CaIn 2 O 4 phase dissolves into the calcium zirconate to form the desired CaZr 0.9 In 0.1 O 32a . All compacts sintered at 1550 ³C for 10 h show single-phase CaZr 0.9 In 0.1 O 32a , independent of the calcination temperature. The morphology of the sintered compacts, however, varies with the calcination temperature, due to the presence or absence of a reactive sintering step around 1300 ³C. Powders calcined at 1000 ³C show a larger grain size in the sintered compact than powders calcined at 1450 or 1550 ³C.

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“…Images of the calcined powders revealed that the non-aqueous oxalic acid route and acac:Zr ratio influences low temperature particle morphology. A review of aqueous oxalate co-precipitation routes to CaZrO 3 , 4,5 In doped CaZrO 3 , 22,23 and calcium stabilized zirconia 24 , do not mention any changes in particle morphology. TEM of CZ1 and CZ2, Figure 10, calcined at 635 °C for 10 h showed two distinct particle morphologies.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Oven Dried Cz Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate co-precipitation synthesis of calcium zirconate and calcium titanate powders.

Hernandez-Sanchez¹,

Tuttle²

2009

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Fine powders of calcium zirconate (CaZrO 3 , CZ) and calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 , CT) were synthesized using a nonaqueous oxalate co-precipitation route from Ca(NO 3 ) 2 •4 H 2 O and group(IV) n-butoxides (Ti(OBu n ) 4 or Zr(OBu n ) 4 ). Several reaction conditions and batch sizes (2-35 g) were explored to determine their influence on final particle size, morphology, and phase. Characterization of the as-prepared oxalate precursors, oven dried oxalate precursors (60-90 C), and calcined powders (635-900 C) were analyzed with TGA/DTA, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Densification and sintering studies on pressed CZ pellets at 1375 and 1400 C were also performed. Through the developed oxalate co-precipitation route, densification temperatures for CZ were lowered by 125 C from the 1500 o C firing temperature required for conventional mixed oxide powders. Low field electrical tests of the CZ pellets indicated excellent dielectric properties with dielectric constants of ~30 and a dissipation factor of 0.0004 were measured at 1 kHz.

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A wet-chemical method for the synthesis of in-doped CaZrO3 ceramic powders

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Measurements of the electronic conductivities of In-doped CaZrO3 by a DC polarization technique

Measurements of the electronic conductivities of In-doped CaZrO3 by a DC polarization technique

Analysis of the preparation of In-doped CaZrO3 using a peroxo-oxalate complexation method

Oxalate co-precipitation synthesis of calcium zirconate and calcium titanate powders.

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