A westernized diet changed the colonic bacterial composition and metabolite concentration in a dextran sulfate sodium pig model for ulcerative colitis

Abstract

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the colonic epithelium and has a blurred etiology. A western diet and microbial dysbiosis in the colon were reported to play a role in UC development. In this study, we investigated the effect of a westernized diet, i.e., increasing fat and protein content by including ground beef, on the colonic bacterial composition in a dextran sulfate sodium (DexSS) challenged pig study.MethodsThe experiment was carried out in three complete blocks following a 2×2 factorial design including 24 six-week old pigs, fed either a standard diet (CT) or the standard diet substituted with 15% ground beef to simulate a typical westernized diet (WD). Colitis was induced in half of the pigs on each dietary treatment by oral administration of DexSS (DSS and WD+DSS, respectively). Samples from proximal and distal colon and feces were collected.Results and discussionBacterial alpha diversity was unaffected by experimental block, and sample type. In proximal colon, WD group had similar alpha diversity to CT group and the WD+DSS group showed the lowest alpha diversity compared to the other treatment groups. There was a significant interaction between western diet and DexSS for beta diversity, based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarly. The westernized diet and DexSS resulted in three and seven differentially abundant phyla, 21 and 65 species, respectively, mainly associated with the Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla followed by Spirochaetota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was lowest in the distal colon. Treatment had a slight effect on the estimates for microbial metabolites that might have valuable biological relevance for future studies. The concentration of putrescine in the colon and feces and that of total biogenic amines was highest in the WD+DSS group. We conclude that a westernized diet could be a potential risk factor and an exacerbating agent for UC by reducing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, increasing the abundance of pathogens such as Helicobacter trogontum, and by increasing the concentration of microbial proteolytic-derived metabolites in the colon.

Beneficial effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) extract residue as a feed additive on production, health status, and gastrointestinal bacteria in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

“…Diversity analysis and adonis analysis showed that the composition of gut bacteria in the HGR group was significantly different from the other two groups, specifically in terms of Desulfobacterota at the phylum level, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group , Ruminococcus , and Paeniclostridium at the genus level. Previous studies demonstrated that Desulfobacterota were mainly concentrated in the hindgut of animals and were significantly enriched in a wide range of diet-induced intestinal inflammation conditions in mice ( Panah et al, 2023 ; Ruan et al, 2023 ). They have also been suggested to be a marker of intestinal barrier damage ( Rao et al, 2021 ), largely due to the fact that Desulfobacterota lipopolysaccharides are severe inflammatory stimulants for the host ( Huang et al, 2021 ).…”

Research advancements and perspectives of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review

“… 49 Western dietary patterns, characterized by high consumption of fats and sugars and a low fiber intake, contribute to the development of IBD, because of the decreased abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the increased abundance of pathogens such as Helicobacter trogontum . 50 Although saturated fat is highly recognized a risk factor for IBD, O'Mahony et al 51 report that a lard-based high-fat diet demonstrates the potential to reduce DSS-induced colitis via inducing high level of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid and activating the vitamin D pathway. Nevertheless, Khademi et al 52 support that there is no significant link between pro-inflammatory diets containing french fries, pizza, snacks, and red and processed meats with UC risk.…”

Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Enteromorpha prolifera Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice

“…The cause of UC is complex and not completely clear, and might be related to many factors like genetic, microbiota, immune system, stress, and diet [ 3 ]. Risk factors, including a Westernized diet characterized by a high intake of saturated fats and refined sugar, smoking, stress, and antibiotics can increase the incidence of UC [ 4 ]. Medications such as 5-aminosalicylic acids (sulfasalazine, mesalamine, balsalazide and olsalazine), corticosteroids (prednisone and budesonide), thiopurines, immunomodulators, and other biologics are typically used for the maintenance of UC remission [ 2 ].…”