A well-head instrument package for multi-parameter measurement during well water sampling☆

Garvis, D.; Stuermer, Daniel H.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90019-6

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We found high levels of variability within individual bore volumes that often substantially exceeded the variability between consecutive bore volumes (Figure 2). In keeping with previous investigations, purging three bore volumes was adequate to stabilize physicochemical parameters (Garvis and Stuermer 1980;Schuller et al 1981;Pionke and Urban 1987) (Figure 1). While bacterial and VLP concentrations throughout the pumping process were within groundwater ranges reported in the literature (Kyle et al 2008;Eydal et al 2009;Griebler and Lueders 2009), the data presented here provides novel information on bacterial and VLP abundances in consecutively pumped bore volumes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…RMK344 is located approximately less than 0.5 km from the River Murray in an area where high groundwater salinity readings (at marine levels) have been reported. In this study one bore volume represents the total volume of water in the bore, from the standing water level to the bottom of the bore including the uncased and screen/slot area (Garvis and Stuermer 1980). Bores were purged for five to six bore volumes (as per recommended methods; US EPA 1986), using a 12-volt Supertwister ® submersible pump (EnviroEquip, Sydney, Australia).…”

Section: Study Site and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well documented that water in a bore can become physically and chemically distinct from water in the surrounding aquifer (Scalf et al ; Fetter ). Initial purging of a bore to remove this stagnant water prior to the collection of groundwater samples was first proposed in the 1960s (Rainwater and Thatcher ; Summers and Brandvold ) and is now considered standard practice (US EPA ), however, the amount of purging needed to ensure samples are representative of the surrounding aquifer is debated (Garvis and Stuermer ; Gibb et al ; Schuller et al ; US EPA ; Pionke and Urban ; Lundegard et al ; Novak and Watts ). Garvis and Stuermer () recommended purging for one bore volume and then monitoring physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) until they stabilize to determine when to sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial purging of a bore to remove this stagnant water prior to the collection of groundwater samples was first proposed in the 1960s (Rainwater and Thatcher ; Summers and Brandvold ) and is now considered standard practice (US EPA ), however, the amount of purging needed to ensure samples are representative of the surrounding aquifer is debated (Garvis and Stuermer ; Gibb et al ; Schuller et al ; US EPA ; Pionke and Urban ; Lundegard et al ; Novak and Watts ). Garvis and Stuermer () recommended purging for one bore volume and then monitoring physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) until they stabilize to determine when to sample. Physicochemical parameters and contaminant concentrations typically stabilize within one to two bore volumes (Pionke and Urban ; Novak and Watts ), however, purging times may increase depending upon the aquifer under investigation (Gibb et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Bacteria and Virus‐Like Particle Abundances During Purging of Unconfined Aquifers

et al. 2013

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Standard methodologies for sampling the physicochemical conditions of groundwater recommend purging a bore for three bore volumes to avoid sampling the stagnant water within a bore and instead gain samples representative of the aquifer. However, there are currently no methodological standards addressing the amount of purging required to gain representative biological samples to assess groundwater bacterial and viral abundances. The objective of this study was to examine how bacterial and viral abundances change during the purging of bore volumes. Six bores infiltrating into unconfined aquifers were pumped for five or six bore volumes each and bacteria and virus-like particles (VLPs) were enumerated from each bore volume using flow cytometry. In examination of the individual bores trends in bacterial abundances were observed to increase, decrease, or remain constant with each purged bore volume. Furthermore, triplicates taken at each bore volume indicated substantial variations in VLP and bacterial abundances that are often larger than the differences between bore volumes. This indicates a high level of small scale heterogeneity in microbial community abundance in groundwater samples, and we suggest that this may be an intrinsic feature of bore biology. The heterogeneity observed may be driven by bottom up processes (variability in the distribution of organic and inorganic nutrients), top-down processes (grazing and viral lysis), physical heterogeneities in the bore, or technical artifacts associated with the purging process. We suggest that a more detailed understanding of the ecology underpinning this variability is required to adequately describe the microbiological characteristics of groundwater ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Site and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Bacteria and Virus‐Like Particle Abundances During Purging of Unconfined Aquifers

et al. 2013

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“…2). A recently developed well-head instrument package was used to measure the pH, conductivity, temperature, and redox potential of the groundwater at the time of sampling (Garvis and Stuermer, 1980). The concentrations of sulfate, cyanide, and phenol were measured by wet chemical methods on-site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Energy Research

Eilby¹,

Carpenter²,

Ragaini³

1982

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All rights reserved 81-21169 AACR2No part of this book may be reproduced , stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording , or otherwise , without written permission from the Publisher v vi mass spectroscopy photoelectron spectroscopy gamma-ray spectroscopy radioactive tracer studies electron microprobe analysis nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy PREFACE These papers were arranged into sessions according to the following major problem areas:methods of elemental analysis investigations of mechanisms and structures characterization of speciesThe problem areas were keynoted by excellent plenary state-of-theart review papers given by J. W. Fruchter, well-known authorities in their fields. The contributed papers followed by presenting recent experimental results in those areas reviewed in the plenary papers.This conference provided an l!llusual opportunity for attendees with expertise and interests in the diverse areas of atomic analytical techniques and nuclear analytical techniques to communicate together and discuss topics of mutual interest. We feel these discussions were very fruitful and educational for all the attendees and will lead to beneficial collaborations in the future. , members of the Technical Committee.The editors would like to acknowledge the unselfish giving of time and talent of those whose help made this conference a success. We wish to express our added appreciation to the session chairmen for their overall contributions: PREFACE vii son of Washington State University. A special thanks is extended to S. Hendrickson of Lawrence,Livermore National Laboratory for the compilation and preparation of the abstracts.Although proper prearrangements are critical to any meeting, implementation is equally critical. For the invaluable on-site assistance we received during the various phases of the conference, we are indebted to many, but especially to K. B. Pedersen for arranging so much of the local assistance. We are indebeted specifically to the staff of the Center for Energy and Environment Research; S. E. Alemany, Chancellor, University of Puerto Rico -Mayaguez Campus; and M. Vargas-Cesani, Recinto Universitario de Mayaguez. We wish to express our appreciation to D. Bennett, C. Filby and N. Wogman for coordination of all the last minute crises, both before and during the meeting. Finally, we would like to thank R. E. Sinclair, Applied Physics Technology, for organizing the coffee breaks which were sponsored by Canberra, ORTEC, Nicolet, and Nuclear Data.The location of the conference, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, not only provided an excellent secluded atmosphere for informal working groups to be formed, but also was an equally enjoyable and superb setting for those who accompanied the attendees. The location was surpassed only by the cordiality of the hosts, J. Guzman, H. J. Santiago, J. A. Petrillo and staff, at the Mayaguez Hilton, the conference hotel. Competing with scenery and cordiality of the hotel was the ex...

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The Analysis of Inorganic Constituents in the Groundwater at an Underground Coal Gasification Site

Ireland

McConachie

Stuermer

et al. 1982

Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Energy Research

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A well-head instrument package for multi-parameter measurement during well water sampling☆

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Variability in Bacteria and Virus‐Like Particle Abundances During Purging of Unconfined Aquifers

Variability in Bacteria and Virus‐Like Particle Abundances During Purging of Unconfined Aquifers

Atomic and Nuclear Methods in Fossil Energy Research

The Analysis of Inorganic Constituents in the Groundwater at an Underground Coal Gasification Site

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