A wearable self-powered biosensor system integrated with diaper for detecting the urine glucose of diabetic patients

Zhang, Jiru; Liu, Jian; Su, Hua; Sun, Fenglan; Lu, Zipeng; Su, Ang

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130046

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This is because these body liquids are easily accessible and collected [24]. Principally, a detection of the glucose concentration is also possible via urine, but this is not suitable for a CGM-system [44,45]. Therefore, utilizing saliva, tears and exhaled breath is preferred [46].…”

Section: Electrochemical Ni Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring—A Review

Xue

Thalmayer

Zeising

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Diabetes is a chronic and, according to the state of the art, an incurable disease. Therefore, to treat diabetes, regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial since it is mandatory to mitigate the risk and incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Nowadays, it is common to use blood glucose meters or continuous glucose monitoring via stinging the skin, which is classified as invasive monitoring. In recent decades, non-invasive monitoring has been regarded as a dominant research field. In this paper, electrochemical and electromagnetic non-invasive blood glucose monitoring approaches will be discussed. Thereby, scientific sensor systems are compared to commercial devices by validating the sensor principle and investigating their performance utilizing the Clarke error grid. Additionally, the opportunities to enhance the overall accuracy and stability of non-invasive glucose sensing and even predict blood glucose development to avoid hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia using post-processing and sensor fusion are presented. Overall, the scientific approaches show a comparable accuracy in the Clarke error grid to that of the commercial ones. However, they are in different stages of development and, therefore, need improvement regarding parameter optimization, temperature dependency, or testing with blood under real conditions. Moreover, the size of scientific sensing solutions must be further reduced for a wearable monitoring system.

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Section: Electrochemical Ni Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring—A Review

Xue

Thalmayer

Zeising

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apart from blood, sweat ( Bariya et al, 2018 ), saliva ( Mani et al, 2021 ), tears ( Guo et al, 2021 ), interstitial fluid ( Kim et al, 2018 ),and urine ( Zhang et al, 2021a ) can also be indicators for diabetes as their chemistry is closely related to blood and thus all being the target for the point-of-care testing. Moreover, compared with blood, the collection of these body fluids does not need to destroy the stratum corneum so that is easier to achieve non-invasive and continuous detection of glucose.…”

Section: Biofluids Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Zhang et al, a wearable biosensor with the ability to detect glucose in urine was integrated with the diaper ( Zhang et al, 2021a ). An enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) with the ability to generate electricity was also integrated with the sensor to power the whole system.…”

Section: Biofluids Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of Wearable Glucose Sensors in Point-of-Care Testing

Zhang

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Diabetes and its complications have become a worldwide concern that influences human health negatively and even leads to death. The real-time and convenient glucose detection in biofluids is urgently needed. Traditional glucose testing is detecting glucose in blood and is invasive, which cannot be continuous and results in discomfort for the users. Consequently, wearable glucose sensors toward continuous point-of-care glucose testing in biofluids have attracted great attention, and the trend of glucose testing is from invasive to non-invasive. In this review, the wearable point-of-care glucose sensors for the detection of different biofluids including blood, sweat, saliva, tears, and interstitial fluid are discussed, and the future trend of development is prospected.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Up to now, extensive powering technologies have been developed and used in wearable electronics, such as lithium-ion (Liion) batteries, self-powered generators, biofuel energy, and radio frequency (RF) based wireless powering strategies. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Unfortunately, these power sources are still incompetent for skin electronics due to their limitations in various aspects, such as the hazardous functional materials and rigid platform (Li-ion battery), [27,28] low energy conversion efficiency (triboelectric, based shell and soft cotton for isolating potential external disturbances as well as capturing sweat. Absorbing slight sweat as low as 0.06 mL cm −2 through the absorbent cotton in a single cell allows great and stable power output, which is sufficient to light over 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h. Integration of four cells with soft microfluidic sweat sensing platform into a pack allows real-time measuring of various sweat biomarkers of pH, Na + , and glucose, as well as continuous wireless data transmission via a Bluetooth module in the skin electronic device for over 6 h, which is comparable to the current Li-ion batteries powered wearable electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Sweat‐Activated Battery in Skin‐Integrated Electronics for Continuous Wireless Sweat Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Wearable electronics have attracted extensive attentions over the past few years for their potential applications in health monitoring based on continuous data collection and real‐time wireless transmission, which highlights the importance of portable powering technologies. Batteries are the most used power source for wearable electronics, but unfortunately, they consist of hazardous materials and are bulky, which limit their incorporation into the state‐of‐art skin‐integrated electronics. Sweat‐activated biocompatible batteries offer a new powering strategy for skin‐like electronics. However, the capacity of the reported sweat‐activated batteries (SABs) cannot support real‐time data collection and wireless transmission. Focused on this issue, soft, biocompatible, SABs are developed that can be directly integrated on skin with a record high capacity of 42.5 mAh and power density of 7.46 mW cm−2 among the wearable sweat and body fluids activated batteries. The high performance SABs enable powering electronic devices for a long‐term duration, for instance, continuously lighting 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h, and also offers the capability of powering Bluetooth wireless operation for real‐time recording of physiological signals for over 6 h. Demonstrations of the SABs for powering microfluidic system based sweat sensors are realized in this work, allowing real‐time monitoring of pH, glucose, and Na+ in sweat.

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A wearable self-powered biosensor system integrated with diaper for detecting the urine glucose of diabetic patients

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring—A Review

Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring—A Review

The Application of Wearable Glucose Sensors in Point-of-Care Testing

Stretchable Sweat‐Activated Battery in Skin‐Integrated Electronics for Continuous Wireless Sweat Monitoring

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