A wear-resistant metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy with modulated surface and subsurface structures

Abstract

Sliding friction-induced subsurface structures and severe surface oxidation can be the major causes influencing the wear resistance of ductile metallic materials. Here, we demonstrated the role of subsurface and surface structures in enhancing the wear resistance of an equiatomic metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy (HEA). The CoCrNiCu HEA is composed of a CoCrNi-rich face-centered cubic (FCC) dendrite phase and a Cu-rich FCC inter-dendrite phase. Copious Cu-rich nano-precipitates are formed and distributed uniformly inside the dendrites after tuning the distribution and composition of the two phases by thermal annealing. Although the formation of nano-precipitates decreases the hardness of the alloy due to the loss of solid solution strengthening, these nano-precipitates can be deformed to form continuous Cu-rich nanolayers during dry sliding, leading to a self-organized nano-laminated microstructure and extensive hardening in the subsurface. In addition, the nano-precipitates can facilitate the formation of continuous and compacted glaze layers on the worn surface, which are also beneficial for the reduction of the wear rate of CoCrNiCu. The current work can be extended to other alloy systems and might provide guidelines for designing and fabricating wear-resistant alloys in general.

Development of high entropy alloys (HEAs): Current trends

“…The hardness of a material is influenced by temperature. Due to the alloy system AlxCoCrFeNi, the hardness of the material decreases as temperature rises, as seen by the increase in indentation depth to the worm surface [ 104 ]. Because copper has a high solubility limit in the CoCrNiCu alloy system, it will have an impact on the microstructure in two areas: 1) Dendrites and 2) Inter-dendritic zones, regions Compared to the dendritic phase, the inter-dendritic phase is harder.…”