A WD40 Repeat Protein from Camellia sinensis Regulates Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Accumulation through the Formation of MYB–bHLH–WD40 Ternary Complexes

Liu, Yajun; Hou, Hua; Jiang, Xiaolan; Wang, Peiqiang; Dai, Xinlong; Chen, Wei; Gao, Liping; Xia, Tao

doi:10.3390/ijms19061686

Cited by 94 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Taken together, both structural and regulatory genes in the catechin, l-theanine, and caffeine biosynthesis pathways were regulated by more than one TF family. Up to now, only a few TFs belonging to the MYB, bHLH, WD40, and WRKY families have been characterized functionally in tea [72][73][74][75]. Hence, based on our findings, it is hypothesized that those identified TFs are not only responsive to nutrient starvation but also may act as regulators of three major metabolites in tea.…”

Section: Differential Expressed Transcription Factors May Regulate Mementioning

confidence: 59%

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Adaptation of Three Major Secondary Metabolic Pathways to Multiple Macronutrient Starvation in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Zhang

et al. 2020

Genes

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Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a widely consumed beverage. Lack of macronutrients is a major cause of tea yield and quality losses. Though the effects of macronutrient starvation on tea metabolism have been studied, little is known about their molecular mechanisms. Hence, we investigated changes in the gene expression of tea plants under nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potassium (K) deficient conditions by RNA-sequencing. A total of 9103 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Function enrichment analysis showed that many biological processes and pathways were common to N, P, and K starvation. In particular, cis-element analysis of promoter of genes uncovered that members of the WRKY, MYB, bHLH, NF-Y, NAC, Trihelix, and GATA families were more likely to regulate genes involved in catechins, l-theanine, and caffeine biosynthetic pathways. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of responses to N, P, and K starvation, and a global basis for the improvement of tea quality and molecular breeding.

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Section: Differential Expressed Transcription Factors May Regulate Mementioning

confidence: 59%

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Adaptation of Three Major Secondary Metabolic Pathways to Multiple Macronutrient Starvation in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Zhang

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…To date, certain MBW component genes that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis have been identified in tea plants. For instance, Sun, et al [57] showed that R2R3-MYB CsAN1 could interact with bHLH TFs (CsGL3 and CsEGL3) and CsTTG1 (a WD-repeat protein) to form an MBW complex to regulate anthocyanin accumulation; Liu, et al [58] found that CsWD40 (homologous to AtTTG1 TF) partners with bHLH (CsGL3 and CsTT8) and MYB (CsAN2 and CsMYB5e) TFs to form WBM complexes to control anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis; finally, the overexpression of certain tea plant MYB genes, such as CsMYB5a, CsMYB5b, CsMYB5e, CsMYB5-1, and CsMYB5-2, could alter anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation in other plants [59][60][61]. We found that most of the DEGs that were involved in the MYB, NAC, and WRKY classes were significantly upregulated in trichomes since tea trichomes usually exhibit glossy characteristics and might not have the capability to synthesize and store flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, especially anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WBM complexes not only regulate flavonoid synthesis, but also modulate trichome development through different TFs competing to form WBM complexes [6,16,62]. Recently, Liu, et al [58] indicated that the tea plant CsWD40 interacted with bHLH and MYB TFs to form WBM complexes that could alter anthocyanin accumulation and regulate trichome development. Nonetheless, known key TFs, such as GL1, GL3, EGL3, and TTG1, which were involved in trichome development, were not determined to be expressed at a significant level, although TFs, such as TTG1 (TEA000080), were upregulated in trichomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

Cao

et al. 2020

Biomolecules

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Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are regarded as one of the key features that are involved in the evaluation of tea quality and tea germplasm resources. The metabolites from trichomes have been well characterized in tea products. However, little is known regarding the metabolites in fresh tea trichomes and the molecular differences in trichomes and tea leaves per se. In this study, we developed a method to collect trichomes from tea plant tender shoots, and their main secondary metabolites, including catechins, caffeine, amino acids, and aroma compounds, were determined. We found that the majority of these compounds were significantly less abundant in trichomes than in tea leaves. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differences in the molecular regulatory mechanism between trichomes and leaves to gain further insight into the differences in trichomes and tea leaves. In total, 52.96 Gb of clean data were generated, and 6560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4471 upregulated and 2089 downregulated genes, were identified in the trichomes vs. leaves comparison. Notably, the structural genes of the major metabolite biosynthesis pathways, transcription factors, and other key DEGs were identified and comparatively analyzed between trichomes and leaves, while trichome-specific genes were also identified. Our results provide new insights into the differences between tea trichomes and leaves at the metabolic and transcriptomic levels, and open up new doors to further recognize and re-evaluate the role of trichomes in tea quality formation and tea plant growth and development.

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“…Whereas C1 and MYB110 were downregulated by UV-B. C1 repressed DFR and UFGT expression levels [73], while MYB110 appeared to be the activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple kiwifruit [74]. Therefore, the transcription factors mentioned above may be the key TFs to regulate anthocyanin synthesis induced by ultraviolet light in tea plant 'Ziyan'.…”

Section: Activity Of Enzyme and Degs Involved In Anthocyanin Biosynthmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effects of Ultraviolet A/B Treatments on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Gene Expression in Dark-Purple Tea Cultivar ‘Ziyan’ (Camellia sinensis)

et al. 2020

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‘Ziyan’ is a novel anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar with dark purple young shoots. However, how its anthocyanin accumulation is affected by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV), remains unclear. In this study, we observed that UV light treatments stimulated anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Ziyan’ leaves, and we further analyzed the underlying mechanisms at gene expression and enzyme activity levels. In addition, the catechins and chlorophyll contents of young shoots under different light treatments were also changed. The results showed that the contents of total anthocyanins and three major anthocyanin molecules, i.e., delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin, were significantly higher in leaves under UV-A, UV-B, and UV-AB treatments than those under white light treatment alone. However, the total catechins and chlorophyll contents in these purple tea plant leaves displayed the opposite trends. The anthocyanin content was the highest under UV-A treatment, which was higher by about 66% than control. Compared with the white light treatment alone, the enzyme activities of chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) under UV treatments increased significantly, whereas the leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) activities reduced. There was no significant difference in dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) activity under all treatments. Comparative transcriptome analyses unveiled that there were 565 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 29,648 genes in three pair-wise comparisons (white light versus UV-A, W vs. UV-A; white light versus UV-B, W vs. UV-A; white light versus UV-AB, W vs. UV-AB). The structural genes in anthocyanin pathway such as flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), F3′5′H, DFR, and ANS, and regulatory gene TT8 were upregulated under UV-A treatment; F3′5′H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT and regulatory genes EGL1 and TT2 were upregulated under UV-AB treatment. However, most structural genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways were downregulated under UV-B treatment compared with control. The expression of LAR and ANR were repressed in all UV treatments. Our results indicated that UV-A and UV-B radiations can induce anthocyanin accumulation in tea plant ‘Ziyan’ by upregulating the structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, UV radiation repressed the expression levels of LAR, ANR, and FLS, resulting in reduced ANR activity and a metabolic flux shift toward anthocyanin biosynthesis.

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A WD40 Repeat Protein from Camellia sinensis Regulates Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Accumulation through the Formation of MYB–bHLH–WD40 Ternary Complexes

Cited by 94 publications

References 46 publications

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Adaptation of Three Major Secondary Metabolic Pathways to Multiple Macronutrient Starvation in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Adaptation of Three Major Secondary Metabolic Pathways to Multiple Macronutrient Starvation in Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

The Effects of Ultraviolet A/B Treatments on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Gene Expression in Dark-Purple Tea Cultivar ‘Ziyan’ (Camellia sinensis)

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