A way of reproductive manipulation and biology of Wolbachia pipientis

Abstract

KEYWORDS Wolbachia Endosymbiotic bacteriaIntegrated pest management (IPM) Coleoptera ABSTRACTThe endo-symbiotic relationship between microorganism and eukaryotes are very common and has been broadly investigated from all insect species. The genus Wolbachia are obligatory intracellular bacteria that induce evolutionary alterations and have been frequently reported in egg cytoplasm's of various invertebrates including insects, spiders, mites, scorpions, crustaceans and nematodes, which exert a profound impact on host biology and behavior through a number of phenotypic alternations. Due to its ubiquitous phenotypic behavior, Wolbachia becomes a novel and promising natural micro-biocontrol agent to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, killing of male embryos, parthenogenesis, and feminization. Autonomous transgenic capability, survival on several host species and the ability to modify the host reproductive systems makes it the most prominent and focusing scientific genomic research from last few decades. The aim of this review is to summarize the significance and recent discoveries of Wolbachia related to various arthropods which lead positive directions to be exploited in future for integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Further, this review also discussed the biology, phylogeny, distributions, classifications and types of Wolbachia infections on insect orders and coleopterans in particular.

Infection Density Dynamics and Phylogeny of Wolbachia Associated with Coconut Hispine Beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) Genotyping

“…In the recent few years, most of the research focus has increased regarding Wolbachia infection in weevils [65] and more than 40 weevil species are reported for Wolbachia infection, which is arguably a larger number than from any other insect group [37,66]. This is contrary to the assumption that closely related species should trade off Wolbachia strains repeatedly and thus are expected to be associated with similar strains.…”

“…Phylogenetic studies have indicated that these infectious strains are divided into eight (A-H) discrete supergroups [35]. Nevertheless, more recent literature has documented some more supergroups designated as A-K super orders [36,37]. Among these taxonomic supergroups, A and B are most likely to be documented in arthropods [38], whereas filarial nematodes, springtails, spiders, and termites are infected by distinct Wolbachia clades (C-D, E, F, G, and H) [39][40][41][42].…”

Evaluation of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) and Emamectin Benzoate against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The combined applications of microbial pathogens may enhance their pathogenicity, persistence and infection rate (Ali et al 2016). Moreover, the issue of insecticide resistance can also be minimized as they exhibit novel modes of actions, which is lacking in conventional chemical insecticides (Qayyum et al 2015 andBala et al 2018).…”

The Endosymbiotic Wolbachia and Host COI Gene Enables to Distinguish Between Two Invasive Palm Pests; Coconut Leaf Beetle, Brontispa longissima and Hispid Leaf Beetle, Octodonta nipae

“…Contrary to this assumption, our study insects may share the same host ( P. canariensis and C. nucifera ) but progressively occupy two different Wolbachia strains which are helpful to discriminate these two beetle species. Due to higher incidence rate of Wolbachia in weevils (Ali et al 2016, 2018b) and numerous other insects and arthropods (Werren et al 1995; Jeyaprakash and Hoy 2000; Hilgenboecker et al 2008; Ali et al 2018b), current strategy to discarnate insect species, particularly B. longissima and O. nipae is valuable for further quarantine and management strategies.…”