A waveguide mode modulator based on femtosecond laser direct writing in KTN crystals

He, Shan; Yang, Quanxin; Zhang, Bin; Ren, Yingying; Liu, Hongliang; Wu, Pengfei; Yao, Yicun; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103307

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the optical waveguide is the most basic structure of the integrated optical device, which has a wide range of applications 1 , 2 . In addition, it can also be combined with other optical components to form integrated photonic chips with complex structures and diverse functions, 3 , 4 and it makes manufacturing integrated multifunctional devices easy 5 , 6 . Therefore, the fabrication and characterization of optical waveguides are receiving increasing attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of the H+-ion implanted Ce3+:GGG crystal optical waveguide

Liu,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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An ion implanter was used to irradiate protons with a dose of 8 × 10 16 ions∕cm 2 and an energy of 400 keV into a Ce 3+ :GGG crystal. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ion implantation was applied to a Ce 3+ :GGG crystal. The penetration depth was determined by the stopping and range of ions in matter simulation. The prism coupling method was utilized to evaluate the propagation modes in the H + -implanted waveguide. The end-face coupling method and the finite-difference beam propagation were employed for the analysis of the waveguide performance. The refractive index distribution was reconstructed by the reflectivity calculation method. The main significance of the investigation is to confirm the potential of the ion-irradiated Ce 3+ :GGG crystals for fabricating waveguide structures and devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of the H+-ion implanted Ce3+:GGG crystal optical waveguide

Liu,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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“…For example, the researchers normally consider the energy of the pulses will be deposited in the process of avalanche ionization and nonlinear absorption (i.e., two-photon or multiphoton absorption) process, which will induce the lattice distortion, volume expansion, and change the stress field. [22][23][24][25] And then, the refractive index will be positive or negative changed. According to the induced index changes (Δn) of the laser irradiated region, the femtosecond-laser written filaments can be classified into two types: type-I modification (which is located inside the laser-write tracks with positive Δn) and type-II modification (which is located in the vicinal regions of the laser written tracks with negative Δn).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a widespread method to modify the properties of the materials, the mechanism behind the interaction between the laser pulses and the materials has been studied a lot. For example, the researchers normally consider the energy of the pulses will be deposited in the process of avalanche ionization and nonlinear absorption (i.e., two‐photon or multiphoton absorption) process, which will induce the lattice distortion, volume expansion, and change the stress field 22–25 . And then, the refractive index will be positive or negative changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond‐laser micromachining fork gratings in LN crystal with different mechanisms

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this work, we used femtosecond‐laser direct writing to fabricate two kinds of modified structures with opposite refractive‐index changes to build fork‐grating configurations in z‐cut LiNbO3 (LN) crystals. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the fork grating combined with the modified area of the refractive index increased and refractive index decreased produces a more effective diffraction effect at 532 nm. The diffraction results of these fork gratings have been investigated. Compared with the fork grating only with the refractive‐index‐decreased filaments, when the incident beam is at transverse magnetic, transverse electric, and circular polarizations, the diffraction efficiency is improved by 5.3%, 4.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Our work provides a new perspective for improving the diffraction efficiency of fork gratings in LN crystals.

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“…Optical waveguide is able to localize the propagation of light field within the space at micron scale, thus increase the light density considerably with respect to that in the bulk material. Optical waveguides can be fabricated in many ways, such as ion implantation proton exchange, thermal ion diffusion, thin film deposition, femtosecond laser processing, etc., [15][16][17][18][19]. As a new technology of fabricating waveguide, femtosecond laser can be focused in the material to change the refractive index distribution of the material through a few nonlinear effects to form a waveguide structure [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided-Wave Up-Conversion Luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Phosphate Glass Waveguide Produced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing

Zhou

Cheng

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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We report on guided-wave up-conversion luminescence in femtosecond laser writing cladding waveguides in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass. The waveguides were fabricated with 30-μm- and 100-μm-diameter of the guiding cores. The guiding properties of waveguides have been investigated at 633 nm by end face coupling of free space light and physical contact of fibers. The experimental and calculated results of propagating modal profiles and losses have proved favorable performances suitable to Gaussian mode field and multi-mode applications. Under the optical pump laser at 980 nm, the guided-wave up-conversion luminescence at visible light range has been realized through the waveguides.

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A waveguide mode modulator based on femtosecond laser direct writing in KTN crystals

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Preparation and properties of the H+-ion implanted Ce3+:GGG crystal optical waveguide

Preparation and properties of the H+-ion implanted Ce3+:GGG crystal optical waveguide

Femtosecond‐laser micromachining fork gratings in LN crystal with different mechanisms

Guided-Wave Up-Conversion Luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Phosphate Glass Waveguide Produced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing

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