A Water-borne Outbreak of Giardiasis in Sweden

Neringer, Rune; Andersson, Yvonne; Eitrem, R

doi:10.3109/00365548709032382

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As only older prevalence studies are available (13)(14)(15)(16) little is known about the present reservoir of these protozoa in Sweden and other Nordic countries. However, they are invariably present, G. intestinalis being associated with diarrhoea1 outbreaks in children day-care centers (17-19), institutions and hospital wards (20) and both parasites with accidental breakdowns in sewage systems (21,22). Sexual transmission is also documented in homosexual men (23).…”

Section: Scand J Infect Dis 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasites in Refugees and Asylum Seekers Entering the Stockholm Area, 1987–88: Evaluation of Routine Stool Screening

Persson

Rombo

1994

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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In order to evaluate the results of routine screening for intestinal parasites, the medical records of 4592 refugees and asylum seekers arriving in the Stockholm area from January 1987 to December 1988 were reviewed. 3938/4592 (86%) delivered stool specimens for examination and intestinal parasites were demonstrated in 651/3938 (17%). Protozoa, mainly Giardia intestinalis, were found in 403/3938 (10%) and helminths, mainly nematodes, in 277/3938 (7%). Intestinal parasites were most frequently recovered in subjects coming from the Indian subcontinent/Southeast Asia and Africa (infection rates 39% and 25%, respectively). Extensive variations in the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in various ethnic groups (range 4%-39%) were largely attributable to variations in prevalence of helminthic infections (range 2%-34%). Origin from the tropics or subtropics as well as low age, male sex, rural region of domicile before/during exile and short length of stay in Sweden were related to intestinal parasitic infection. Lack of data on morbidity in untreated asymptomatic carriers, limited risks for transmission of the recovered parasites in Sweden as well as the expenses for screening indicate a need for reconsideration of the present praxis of mass screening in favour of a selective screening of high-risk groups based on country of origin and age.

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Section: Scand J Infect Dis 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasites in Refugees and Asylum Seekers Entering the Stockholm Area, 1987–88: Evaluation of Routine Stool Screening

Persson

Rombo

1994

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…(2) An outbreak of giardiasis in Bristol, UK in 1985 in which the water system was contaminated, possibly during engineering work on the water main, and resulted in over 100 cases (Jephcott et al 1986). with 56 cases in which it was postulated that the water distribution had been damaged by tree roots and the sewer construction had been faulty (Neringer et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A water contamination incident in Oslo, Norway during October 2007; a basis for discussion of boil-water notices and the potential for post-treatment contamination of drinking water supplies

Robertson

Gjerde

Hansen

et al. 2008

Journal of Water and Health

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Over a 5 day period in October 2007 a boil-water notice was served on the majority of Oslo, capital city of Norway, as a result of a combination of bacteriological findings (coliforms, intestinal enterococci, and E. coli), and very low numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in 10 L water samples taken from the water distribution network. The water source had been regularly monitored for these parasites and generally found to be negative. Over 460,000 residents were affected by the boil-water notice, as were many thousands of businesses. Despite an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway during 2004/2005, occurrence of parasites in Norwegian drinking water supplies has apparently continued to be considered to be of minimal relevance by Norwegian health authorities. Here we describe the background and occurrence of the episode in Oslo, including the species of Cryptosporidium detected, and use this event, in conjunction with incidents from other countries, as a basis to discuss the following issues: 1) under which circumstances should the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in water supplies trigger the issue of a boil-water notice, and 2) the possibilities and probabilities of post-treatment contamination events in the water distribution network.

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“…In another waterborne outbreak in Sweden in a small community, Mjövik, in 1982 over 600 persons got ill. At least two agents were believed to have caused this outbreak, of which Giardia was one. Giardia was identified from at least 56 persons (Neringer et al 1987). Faecal accidents in swimming pools have also caused waterborne outbreaks in Sweden.…”

Section: Waterborne and Food Associated Outbreaks Of Giardia Och Crypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan Parasites in Sewage Sludge

2007

TemaNord

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A Water-borne Outbreak of Giardiasis in Sweden

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Intestinal Parasites in Refugees and Asylum Seekers Entering the Stockholm Area, 1987–88: Evaluation of Routine Stool Screening

Intestinal Parasites in Refugees and Asylum Seekers Entering the Stockholm Area, 1987–88: Evaluation of Routine Stool Screening

A water contamination incident in Oslo, Norway during October 2007; a basis for discussion of boil-water notices and the potential for post-treatment contamination of drinking water supplies

Protozoan Parasites in Sewage Sludge

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