A walk on the wild side: A review of the epidemiology of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in wild hosts

Holland, Celia V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.10.008

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Most of the studies on toxocariasis in animals have traditionally focused on dogs and Toxocara canis [12,323,324]. Comparatively, there have been a lack of studies on toxocariasis in cats, mainly due to T. cati.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bonilla-Aldana,

Espinosa-Nuñez,

Bonilla-Aldana

et al. 2024

Animals

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Introduction: Toxocariasis is an infection caused in canines, felines, humans, and other vertebrates by species of the genus Toxocara, such as T. canis and T. cati. The embryonated eggs of these parasites are the primary means of acquiring the infection for both definitive hosts, dogs and cats, respectively, and for intermediates, such as humans and other vertebrates. When deposited on park soils, environmental contamination becomes a risk to environmental, human, and animal health. Objective: To determine the global prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats (Felis catus). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in six databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Google Scholar) to evaluate the global prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats, defined by coproparasitological, histological, and molecular techniques. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A two-tailed 5% alpha level was used for hypothesis testing. Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine studies were included. The global pooled prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats using coproparasitological methods was 17.0% (95.0% CI: 16.2–17.8%). In the subgroup analysis according to country, Nepal had the highest prevalence of T. cati infection (94.4%; 95% CI 89.7–99.2%). The pooled prevalence of T. cati infection by PCR in four studies was 4.9% (95.0% CI: 1.9–7.9%). Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the need for preventive action against toxocariasis due to its widespread prevalence. The interplay between animal and human health should be emphasised, necessitating measures like deworming cats, hygiene practices, and public education to mitigate risks. Safeguarding feline health can also reduce human transmission, benefiting both species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bonilla-Aldana,

Espinosa-Nuñez,

Bonilla-Aldana

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The definitive hosts of T. c a n i s and T. c a t i are canines and felines, particularly within urban communities' domestic dogs and cats, respectively [5]. An adult female roundworm of dogs (T. c a n i s ) can lay 200,000 eggs a day, which are expelled in the feces of parasitized dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive control of toxocariasis in communities

A. Jaramillo-Hernández

2024

Intestinal Parasites - New Developments in Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Future Directions [Working Title]

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With the purpose of understanding the complexity of actions aimed at controlling the main zoonotic soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the world, this book chapter is proposed around the comprehensive control of toxocariasis in urban communities. From the understanding of the epidemiological cycle implicit in the vertical transmission of parasites of the genus Toxocara in their main urban definitive hosts (canines and felines), an action that allows a “perpetuity” of the parasite in urban areas, passing through the inextricable relationships of synanthropic hosts until reaching their paratenic or accidental hosts, humans. At the same time, control strategies will be discussed in the various links of its transmission/infection chain, demonstrating that preventive medicine supported by selective strategic deworming in canines and felines within their various age ranges is the fundamental pillar in the fight against this parasitosis. Likewise, exploring the substantial advances in the development of vaccinology to integrate new strategies in the comprehensive control of toxocariasis in communities.

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“…The definitive hosts for Toxocara spp. are mainly domestic cats and dogs for T. cati and T. canis , respectively, with adult worms residing in the intestinal lumen of the small intestine; several wild carnivore species are also definitive hosts ( Holland, 2023 ). Transmission to humans can occur through a variety of routes, most commonly due to ingestion of infective larvated eggs in soil, sand, or water ( Fakhri et al, 2018 ; Ma et al, 2018 ; Otero et al, 2018 ), and, in principle, also contact with and subsequent ingestion of eggs on the fur of companion animals ( Öge et al, 2014 ), although when animals are well cared for this is much less likely ( Merigueti et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the neglected: Initial estimation of the global burden and economic impact of human toxocariasis

Antonopoulos,

Giannelli,

Morgan

et al. 2024

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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A walk on the wild side: A review of the epidemiology of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati in wild hosts

Cited by 3 publications

References 174 publications

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comprehensive control of toxocariasis in communities

Quantifying the neglected: Initial estimation of the global burden and economic impact of human toxocariasis

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