A walk around the application of nanocatalysts for cross-dehydrogenative coupling of C–H bonds

Abstract

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions between two unmodified C–H bonds are one of the most attractive and fundamental strategies for the construction of C–C bonds.

Synthetic Organic Transformations of Transition‐Metal Nanoparticles as Propitious Catalysts: A Review

“…TEM images indicated spherical NPs of size range 8-12 nm. STEM-HADF images of CB [7]NPs indicated interplanar spacing (2.54 Å) that matches with the d-spacing value of (2 2 0) plane of magnetite, while after palladium incorporation, two different plane spacings of 2.2 Å and 2.5 Å were observed that are characteristic of the (1 1 1) and (2 2 0) planes of Pd(0) and γ-Fe 2 O 3 respectively. The magnetic behavior displayed strong superparamagnetic signals at 4.9 × 10 8 M.U.…”

“…Trabolsi and Guenin reported the curburbit [7]uril modified iron oxide nanoparticles [CB(7)NPs] loaded with palladium nanocatalysts for the microwave mediated Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in ethanolwater as solvent (Scheme 80). [58] By mixing excess of CB [7] with iron-oxide NPs in water at pH of 2 and 50°C provided solid support in which palladium acetate was absorbed.…”

“…Trabolsi and Guenin reported the curburbit [7]uril modified iron oxide nanoparticles [CB(7)NPs] loaded with palladium nanocatalysts for the microwave mediated Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions in ethanolwater as solvent (Scheme 80). [58] By mixing excess of CB [7] with iron-oxide NPs in water at pH of 2 and 50°C provided solid support in which palladium acetate was absorbed. FT-IR spectrum of the CB [7]NPs displayed FeÀ O absorption band at 1733 cm À 1 and C=O bands of CB [7] at 1636 cm À 1 corresponding to uncomplexed and particle-bound carbonyls and this was preserved after Palladium incorporation.…”

“…[58] By mixing excess of CB [7] with iron-oxide NPs in water at pH of 2 and 50°C provided solid support in which palladium acetate was absorbed. FT-IR spectrum of the CB [7]NPs displayed FeÀ O absorption band at 1733 cm À 1 and C=O bands of CB [7] at 1636 cm À 1 corresponding to uncomplexed and particle-bound carbonyls and this was preserved after Palladium incorporation. XPS indicated Fe 2p 3/2 and 2P 1/2 peaks at 710.8 and 724.5 eV respectively along with less intense Pd 3d 5/2 337.4 and 3d 3/2 342.7 eV with some satellite peaks.…”

“…[6b] Also, the new area of coupling i. e., Crossdehydrogenative coupling reactions between two unmodified CÀ H bonds mediated by nanocatalysts with particular emphasis on the mechanistic aspects were reported. [7] The review was structured based on type of CÀ C bond formed: (i) C(sp 3 )-C(sp 3 ) coupling; (ii) C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) coupling; (iii) C(sp 3 )-C(sp) coupling; (iv) C(sp 2 )-C(sp 2 ) coupling; (v) C(sp 2 )-C(sp) coupling; and (vi) C (sp)-C(sp) coupling. A short review article comprising the applications of nanocatalysts in carbon-selenium cross-coupling reactions were presented with literature references of the period 2007-2017.…”