A W-Band EBG-Backed Double-Rhomboid Bowtie-Slot On-Chip Antenna

Abstract

A double-rhomboid bowtie-slot on-chip antenna aided by a back-to-back E-shaped electromagnetic band-gap surface for gain enhancement at W-band is presented. The specific structure of both, the antenna and the EBG surface is being reported for the first time in an on-chip implementation. The antenna is analyzed independently as well as backed by different electromagnetic band-gap reflective surfaces using standard 0.13 µm BiCMOS process. The proposed EBG surface provides a measured gain enhancement of 2 dB and 8 dB when used as a frequency selective surface and as an articial magnetic conductor, respectively. With an overall chip-size of 1×1 mm 2 , the on-chip antenna demonstrates a-6 dB impedance bandwidth from 75-100 GHz and an effective gain bandwidth from 80-90 GHz with a peak measured gain of-0.58 dBi at 84 GHz. The antenna has the smallest reported size and the highest gain in W-Band with artificial magnetic conductor as reflective surface.

Performance-Issues-Mitigation-Techniques for On-Chip-Antennas – Recent Developments in RF, MM-Wave, and Thz Bands With Future Directions

“…The EBG surfaces generally consist of metallic-dielectric array of periodic structures and symbolize an artificially realized material. The EBG surfaces, when introduced in a design, have the ability to suppress surface waves and produce bandstop or bandgap transmission and reflection characteristics at a particular frequency band [51]. Because of this property, they can be introduced in a lossy Si material to modify its transmission and reflection characteristics and to improve the gain and radiation efficiency of the AoC.…”

Gain Enhancement of Millimeter-Wave On-Chip Antenna Through an Additively Manufactured Functional Package

“…The multi-GHz of available bandwidth at the mm-wave bands makes it an ideal candidate for high data rate wireless applications [3]. Moreover, the wavelength at these frequency bands is in the range of 1-10 mm, which is small enough to realize the AoC [4][5][6][7][8]. Integrating the AoC and integrated circuits (ICs) in standard CMOS processes can reduce the number of off-chip components in the system as well as eliminate the uncertain influence from the bond wires between the antenna and the ICs.…”

A multiple‐input‐multiple‐output on‐chip Quasi‐Yagi‐Uda antenna for multigigabit communications: Preliminary study

“…The second approach depends on the auxiliary structures: an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, high impedance surface (HIS), and frequency selective surface (FSS) are used to reduce the radiation inside the CMOS substrate by reflecting the wave toward the antenna, but those methods faced difficulties in nanoscale fabrications . Different shapes of AMC, EBG, HIS, and FSS such as rectangular, squares, I‐shapes, H‐shapes, rings, and disks are introduced in the literature, but they still require a significant space or area in the chip to implement their structures in the presence of the other components of the proposed system. But it still requires significant space in the presence of embedded active circuitry to implement the necessary AMC structures …”

“…Different shapes of AMC, EBG, HIS, and FSS such as rectangular, squares, I‐shapes, H‐shapes, rings, and disks are introduced in the literature, but they still require a significant space or area in the chip to implement their structures in the presence of the other components of the proposed system. But it still requires significant space in the presence of embedded active circuitry to implement the necessary AMC structures …”

“…But it still requires significant space in the presence of embedded active circuitry to implement the necessary AMC structures. 10,24 The third approach depends on end-fire radiator: Zhang et al 25 introduce Yagi-Uda-antenna (YUA) that consists of one dipole operates as a driver, two director, and truncated ground plane acts as a reflector, this is the conventional shape of YUA on standard silicon substrate with low resistive (10 Ωcm) and fabricated with specific BEOL technology. This antenna has a total size (1300 × 426 μm) to achieve 10 GHz bandwidth from 55 to 65 GHz, −12.5 dBi gain, and 5.6% radiation efficiency.…”