A Vulnerability‐Stress Framework for Evaluating Clinical Interventions in Schizophrenia

O'Connor, Frederica W.

doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1994.tb00320.x

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Supporting the hypothesis that GRRs contribute to the coping abilities of the depressed schizophrenia patient are the similarities of ndings in the literature on nursing interventions and the concordance of these ndings with criteria tting GRRs (Czuchta & Johnson, 1998;O'Connor, 1994;Yurkovich, Buehler, & Smyer, 1997;Yurkovich & Smyer, 1998).…”

Section: Generalized Resistance Resources and Nursing Therapeuticssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Such diathesis-stress or vulnerability-stress approaches to the understanding of nursing care in schizophrenia have been advocated by several researchers (Landsverk & Kane, 1998;Norman & Malla, 1993;O'Connor, 1994). Antonovsky (1987) stresses that a strong SOC is not a speci c coping style.…”

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Issues such as low self-esteem, isolation, economic insecurity due to varied causes (e.g., illness interference with employment), cultural instability, and inability to interact and socialize with others clearly provide experiences for the schizophrenia patient that are contrary to GRRs and contribute to a weak SOC. Furthermore, schizophrenia as an illness is stressful in and of itself and can contribute to depression (Antonovsky, 1987(Antonovsky, , 1992O'Connor, 1994;Vellenga & Christenson, 1994).…”

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moderators, when they are functioning optimally, exert a protective effect in the patient with schizophrenia (O'Connor, 1994). GRRs are also protective factors.…”

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression in Schizophrenia: Nursing Care as a Generalized Resistance Resource

Menzies

2000

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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Although depression can be a feature of acute psychosis and an aftermath of a psychotic episode (postpsychotic depression), data indicate that depressive syndromes in schizophrenia can be found years after the immediate postacute phase. Researchers acknowledge the clinical importance of recognizing that depressive symptoms are frequently described in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Using the framework of Antonovsky's (1972, 1987, 1992) Sense of Coherence as a guide, this article explores what nurses can do to facilitate development of generalized resistance resources (GRRs) in the physical, psychological, and emotional armamentarium of those diagnosed with schizophrenia, mood disorder not otherwise specified (NOS).

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Section: Generalized Resistance Resources and Nursing Therapeuticssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moderators, when they are functioning optimally, exert a protective effect in the patient with schizophrenia (O'Connor, 1994). GRRs are also protective factors.…”

Section: Grrs and Nursing Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression in Schizophrenia: Nursing Care as a Generalized Resistance Resource

Menzies

2000

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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“…The primary approach to manage symptoms of schizophrenia is anti-psychotic medication to adjust neurotransmitters (Danielyan & Nasrallah, 2009;Kane & Correll, 2010). However, due to the chronic nature of schizophrenia, individuals may also have difficulties with rehabilitation in daily life and social activities, and stress from these difficulties also may aggravate symptoms (O'Connor, 1994;Park & Kwon, 2012). Therefore, clinicians and researchers have emphasized the importance of complementary and alternative interventions (Crawford et al, 2012;Park & Kwon, 2012) such as music therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Dosage and Type of Music Therapy in Symptom Management and Rehabilitation for Individuals with Schizophrenia

Chung

Woods-Giscombé

2016

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of dosage, type (active, receptive, or combined), and format (individual or group) of music therapy for individuals with schizophrenia. With the terms "music*" and "schizophreni*," six research databases were searched: CINAHL, EMBASE, Music Index, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and RILM. The search was limited to studies written in English, peer-reviewed, and published between 1991 and 2015. Seventeen articles met the stated criteria. Dosage of music therapy ranged from 20 to 9,720 minutes. Three types of music therapy were delivered: active, receptive, or combined, and therapy was implemented via individual or group format. Depending on the dosage, type, and format, music therapy improved psychotic symptom management, depression and anxiety management, social and cognitive functioning, behavior, and quality of life of the participants. Dosage had a greater impact on the effects of music therapy compared to type and format. Studies that implemented a combination of active and receptive music therapy were more likely to produce significant improvements in outcomes compared to the studies that implemented the other types of music therapy. However, studies using combined type provided higher dosage of the intervention (e.g., more minutes of intervention exposure). This systematic review can be used to guide future research on and clinical applications for music therapy in this population. Future studies might also investigate the interaction of demographic characteristics or severity of illness with dosage and type on effects of music therapy.

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