A VRML-based anatomical visualization tool for medical education

Abstract

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Three-Dimensional Modelling of the Middle-Ear Ossicular Chain Using a Commercial High-Resolution X-Ray CT Scanner

“…The widespread availability of computer visualization has now made it possible to distribute virtual 3-D models on the Internet. A format that is very well suited for this purpose is VRML, but other formats or dedicated viewers could also be used [Warrick and Funnell (1998) give a VRML application example]. Normally the viewer program allows the model to be rotated and translated and zoomed in and out.…”

“…We used the technique to construct finite-element models of the middle ear (Funnell 1996;Funnell and Funnell 1988;Funnell et al 1992) and to make teaching models (Warrick and Funnell 1998). Northrop (2001) made very complete 3-D models of the ear to study the aeration pattern of the middle ear in newborns.…”

Application of three‐dimensional digitalized reconstruction of an anterolateral thigh flap and an arterial dorsalis pedis flap

“…One of the uses of 3D visualizations is to display and examine anatomical structures. [1][2][3] Developments in the field of digitalized technique and 3D reconstruction from serial sections (computed tomography, CT or magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) have allowed a precise description of its morphological and relations. With the occurrence of Visible Human Project (1989) and the development of Virtual Chinese Human (VCH) techniques, we could get more precise anatomic images.…”

Three-dimensional modeling and visualization of the cochlea on the Internet

“…Greenwood's place-to-frequency equation [19] is used to estimate the characteristic frequencies corresponding to electrode locations over the animation loop: (3) where is the characteristic frequency, is the location (insertion depth) of the electrode array in millimeters, and , and are constants. Constants for the average human derived by Greenwood [19] are applied.…”

“…In particular, the WWW allows a variety of three-dimensional (3-D) visual resources to be retrieved in a common manner through the standardized virtual reality modeling language (VRML) 2.0/97 [1], independent of the specific computer systems used to access the Internet. The dynamic and interactive visualization capabilities of the VRML 2.0/97 attract increasing attention in medical education and training [2], [3].…”