A voltammetric determination of caffeic acid in red wines based on the nitrogen doped carbon modified glassy carbon electrode

Abstract

We reported an electrochemical determination of caffeic acid (CA) based on the nitrogen doped carbon (NDC). The described sensor material was prepared by the flame synthesis method, which gave an excellent platform for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with the hetero atom dopant. The synthesized material was confirmed by various physical characterizations and it was further characterized by different electrochemical experiments. The NDC modified glassy carbon electrode (NDC/GCE) shows the superior electrocatalytic performance towards the determination of CA with the wide linear concentration range from 0.01 to 350 μM. It achieves the lowest detection limit of 0.0024 μM and the limit of quantification of 0.004 μM. The NDC/GCE-CA sensor reveals the good selectivity, stability, sensitivity and reproducibility which endorsed that the NDC is promising electrode for the determination of CA. In addition, NDC modified electrode is applied to the determination of CA in red wines and acquired good results.

Progress in Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Monitoring Wine Production

“…Although other potential interfering compounds (e.g., catechol-CT, gallic acid-GA, ferulic acid-FA, ascorbic acid-AA and uric acid-UA) are oxidized in the same potential range (within 100 mV as apparent from the voltammogram in Figure 5A) and contributing to the shape of the voltammograms and a larger half-width of the anodic peak at around +0.2 V when in mixture with caffeic acid, the peak height, i.e., the peak current intensity remains largely unaffected. No interferences were found from 200 fold excess of Na Besides providing increased stability and sensitivity, nanomaterials enabled enhanced selectivity compared to the unmodified electrodes as proven among others by the application of a nitrogen-doped carbon-modified glassy carbon electrode (NDC/GCE), for the determination of caffeic acid in wine [79]. The sensor displayed superior electrocatalytic activity featuring low resistance to charge transfer, sharp redox peaks and high anodic and cathodic peak currents for caffeic acid, observed at lower overpotential compared to GCE or graphene oxide-GCE.…”

“…While the determination of the total polyphenols content (the "polyphenol index") remains the major application related to wine production of the direct electrochemical oxidation methods, a series of voltammetry approaches were aimed at measuring the levels of individual phenolic compounds (e.g., caffeic acid) or at the simultaneous detection of other parameters relevant for wine quality such as sulfites, ascorbic acid and tartaric acid [82,83]. For this purpose, different degrees of selectivity were achieved by modifying the electrode surface with polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [82], with nanomaterials [79,84] or molecularly imprinted polymers [77].…”

“…Besides providing increased stability and sensitivity, nanomaterials enabled enhanced selectivity compared to the unmodified electrodes as proven among others by the application of a nitrogen-doped carbon-modified glassy carbon electrode (NDC/GCE), for the determination of caffeic acid in wine [79]. The sensor displayed superior electrocatalytic activity featuring low resistance to charge transfer, sharp redox peaks and high anodic and cathodic peak currents for caffeic acid, observed at lower overpotential compared to GCE or graphene oxide-GCE.…”

“…The sensor displayed superior electrocatalytic activity featuring low resistance to charge transfer, sharp redox peaks and high anodic and cathodic peak currents for caffeic acid, observed at lower overpotential compared to GCE or graphene oxide-GCE. These superior characteristics were attributed to the electroactive pyridinic and pyrollic groups in the NDC lattice [79]. The operational and storage stability of the NDC/GCE electrode were very good: the anodic peak current intensity decreased to 93% of the initial value after 20 consecutive measurements by DPV and a similar decrease of only 6.5% from the initial value was observed after 6 weeks of storage The sensor was characterized by a detection limit of 2.4 nmol L −1 and the repeatability of the measurements was very good, as indicated by RSD of 2.0-2.5% for n = 3 measurements of a wine sample.…”

Sensitive Detection of Caffeic Acid and Rutin via the Enhanced Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Signal of Luminol

“…In particular, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is the most extensively employed method because of the feasibility of electrode modification, including reduced graphene oxide mixed with electroconductive polymers and noble metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, leading to the enrichment of phenolic compound on the electrode surface and enhancement of the current signal. 16,17,[20][21][22][23][24] Detection limits of 0.37 and 2.7 nM caffeic acid were achieved for the Pd-Au/PEDOT/graphene and MnO2embedded porous carbon-microsphere-modified electrodes, respectively. 18,24 These values are 50 -100 times less than those obtained by ultraviolet and fluorescence methods.…”