‘A voice for the last and least’: Thirumavalavan and the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi in the Lok Sabha

Abstract

Between 2009 and 2014, Thirumavalavan, the leader of the largest Dalit party in Tamil Nadu, served as an MP in Delhi. This paper draws on research with the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK or Liberation Panther Party) to raise a number of key questions about representation and democracy in a multi-level federal system. Although they are a minor party, their experience of national politics offers insights into the workings of party systems in India. The paper considers the extent to which they are constrained by alliance partners and political rules-of-the-game. It then considers the question of representation, and asks what the VCK managed to achieve in Thirumavalavan's constituency of Chidambaram and the extent to which they could raise issues at the national level both through formal and disruptive means. Finally, the paper reflects on the advantages and disadvantages for a small party of having a foothold in the Centre and draws out the lessons of the VCK's experience for our understanding of Indian politics.

Small parties and the federal structure of the Indian state

“…There are good reasons for arguing that the BJP prefers working with smaller parties; they might be more malleable than larger regional parties, and be used as 'interim political tools to alienate popular opinion away from the regionally stronger party' (Palshikar 2017, 12). The PMK and the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK) (Gorringe 2019) provide good examples of small parties in Tamil Nadu. The All India Majlis Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) has a long history in the Andhra region (Suneetha and Moid 2019), the Republican Party of India (A) is a useful example from Maharashtra and the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) in Bihar illustrates the characteristics of a small party also.…”