A VLA Study of High-redshift GRBs. I. Multiwavelength Observations and Modeling of GRB 140311A

Laskar, T.; Berger, E.; Chornock, R.; Margutti, R.; Fong, W.; Zauderer, B. A.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab8f5

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This relationship between jet angle and redshift was suggested in Lloyd-Ronning et al (2002) (e.g. see their section 5.1.2), and observational evidence for this anti-correlation has also been put forth by Lü et al (2012) and Laskar et al (2014Laskar et al ( , 2018a.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The evolution of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle through cosmic time

Lloyd-Ronning

Hurtado

Aykutalp

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Jet opening angles of long gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs) appear to evolve in cosmic time, with lGRBs at higher redshifts being on average more narrowly beamed than those at lower redshifts. We examine the nature of this anti-correlation in the context of collimation by the progenitor stellar envelope. First, we show that the data indicate a strong correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and jet opening angle, and suggest this is a natural selection effect -only the most luminous GRBs are able to successfully launch jets with large opening angles. Then, by considering progenitor properties expected to evolve through cosmic time, we show that denser stars lead to more collimated jets, and argue that the observed anti-correlation between opening angle and redshift can be accounted for if lGRB massive star progenitors at high redshifts have higher average density compared to those at lower redshifts. This may be viable for an evolving IMF, and under the assumption that average density scales directly with mass, this relationship is consistent with the form of the IMF characteristic mass evolution suggested in the literature. The jet angle-redshift anti-correlation may also be explained if the lGRB progenitor population is dominated by massive stars at high redshift, while lower redshift lGRBs allow for a greater diversity of progenitor systems. Overall, however, we find both the jet angle-redshift anti-correlation and jet angle-luminosity correlation are consistent with the conditions of jet launch through, and collimation by, the envelope of a massive star progenitor.In this paper, we consider how different progenitor systems connect to GRB observables over cosmic time. We are motivated by the results of Lloyd-Ronning et al. (2019b) who found that certain intrinsic long gamma-ray burst (lGRB) properties appear to evolve

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The evolution of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle through cosmic time

Lloyd-Ronning

Hurtado

Aykutalp

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…The possibility of beaming angle being narrower at higher redshift has also been suggested by others (e.g. Lloyd-Ronning et al 2002;Lu et al 2012;Laskar et al 2014Laskar et al , 2018aLloyd-Ronning et al 2019a,b). These requirements require that the maximum redshift z max must satisfy the condition d 2…”

Section: A Brief Statement Of Our Cosmological Grbs Modelsupporting

confidence: 66%

Resolving the excess of long GRB’s at low redshift in the Swift era

Ratke

Mehta

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Utilizing more than 100 long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) in the Swift -Ryan-2012 sample that includes the observed redshifts and jet angles, Le & Mehta performed a timely study of the rate density of LGRBs with an assumed broken power-law GRB spectrum and obtained a GRB-burst-rate functional form that gives acceptable fits to the preSwift and Swift redshift, and jet angle distributions. The results indicated an excess of LGRBs at redshift below z ∼ 2 in the Swift sample. In this work, we are investigating if the excess is caused by the cosmological Hubble constant H 0 , the gamma-ray energy released E * γ , the low-and high-energy indices (α, β) of the Band function, the minimum and maximum jet angles θ j,min and θ j,max , or that the excess is due to a bias in the Swift -Ryan-2012 sample. Our analyses indicate that none of the above physical parameters resolved the excess problem, but suggesting that the Swift -Ryan-2012 sample is biased with possible afterglow selection effect. The following model physical parameter values provide the best fit to the Swift -Ryan-2012 and preSwift samples: the Hubble constant H 0 = 72 kms −1 Mpc −1 , the energy released E * γ ∼ 4.47 × 10 51 erg, the energy indices α ∼ 0.9 and β ∼ −2.13, the jet angles of θ j,max ∼ 0.8 rad, and θ j,min ∼ 0.065 and ∼ 0.04 rad for preSwift and Swift, respectively, s ∼ −1.55 the jet angle power-law index, and a GRB formation rate that is similar to the Hopkins & Beacom observed star formation history and as extended by Li. Using the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxy Legacy Survey (SHOALS) Swift -Perley LGRB sample and applying the same physical parameter values as above, however, our model provides consistent results with this data set and indicating no excess of LGRBs at any redshift.

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“…We note here that while the values for e  and B  given in Table 8 are the best-fit parameters, lower values of e  are feasible and are correlated with a lower energy, lower density, and higher value of B  (Figure 8). On the other hand, values of e  near or above equipartition have been found previously in other works, suggesting that the discrepancy could also arise owing to missing physics in the modeling process (Yost et al 2003;Cenko et al 2010Cenko et al , 2011Laskar et al 2015Laskar et al , 2016Laskar et al , 2018a. For instance, accounting for a fraction f 1 » % of the electrons accelerated by the shock would reduce e  by a corresponding amount (Eichler & Waxman 2005;Ressler & Laskar 2017).…”

Section: High Value Of E mentioning

confidence: 71%

First ALMA Light Curve Constrains Refreshed Reverse Shocks and Jet Magnetization in GRB 161219B

Laskar

Alexander

Berger

et al. 2018

ApJ

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We present detailed multiwavelength observations of GRB 161219B at z=0.1475, spanning the radio to X-ray regimes, and the first Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) light curve of a γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglow. The centimeter-and millimeter-band observations before 8.5 days require emission in excess of that produced by the afterglow forward shock (FS). These data are consistent with radiation from a refreshed reverse shock (RS) produced by the injection of energy into the FS, signatures of which are also present in the X-ray and optical light curves. We infer a constant-density circumburst environment with an extremely low density, n 3 10 cm 0 4 3 »´--, and show that this is a characteristic of all strong RS detections to date. The Karl G. Lansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations exhibit unexpected rapid variability on roughlyminute timescales, indicative of strong interstellar scintillation. The X-ray, ALMA, and VLA observations together constrain the jet break time, t 32 jet » days, yielding a wide jet opening angle of 13 jet q » , implying beaming-corrected γ-ray and kinetic energies of E 4.9 10 48 »ǵ erg and E 1.3 10 K 50»´erg, respectively. Comparing the RS and FS emission, we show that the ejecta are only weakly magnetized, with relative magnetization, R 1 B » , compared to the FS. These direct, multifrequency measurements of a refreshed RS spanning the optical to radio bands highlight the impact of radio and millimeter data in probing the production and nature of GRB jets.

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A VLA Study of High-redshift GRBs. I. Multiwavelength Observations and Modeling of GRB 140311A

Cited by 24 publications

References 79 publications

The evolution of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle through cosmic time

The evolution of gamma-ray burst jet opening angle through cosmic time

Resolving the excess of long GRB’s at low redshift in the Swift era

First ALMA Light Curve Constrains Refreshed Reverse Shocks and Jet Magnetization in GRB 161219B

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