A vivid Au-porous anodic alumina composite film with the inverted taper structure for label-free detection

Nanoporous anodic alumina-based iontronics: fundamentals and applications

“…These anodization and etching steps were alternatively repeated to obtain inverted taper NAA with different height-todiameter ratios. 84 reduced anodization voltages from one stage to another. 85 They also demonstrated the formation of NAA with characteristic serrated nanopores by anodization in H 3 PO 4 electrolyte at low voltage.…”