A visualization review analysis of the last two decades for environmental Kuznets curve “EKC” based on co-citation analysis theory and pathfinder network scaling algorithms

Abstract

A visualization review analysis of the last two decades for Environmental Kuznets Curve "EKC" based on co-citation analysis theory and pathfinder network scaling algorithms

Analysis of the New Kuznets Relationship: Considering Emissions of Carbon, Methanol, and Nitrous Oxide Greenhouse Gases—Evidence from EU Countries

“…The FMOLS and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques were employed for robustness checks, to help advise the adoption of policies able to restrict emissions, deforestation, air, land, and water pollution, if the goal in EU is to ensure environmental sustainability. Population growth was found not to influence the environmental quality, suggesting the possibility of adoption of greener and more advanced technologies in the EU countries (as stated by [23]).…”

“…Reference [93] tested the EKC validity considering seven emissions indicators and they do not validate it for any of these in China. For a deeper review of articles employing the EKC, we as well suggest the reading of the recent work of [23] who alert to the fact that more research on EKC aligned with green and sustainable technology science is required. A good allowances market function in the EU case will be strictly necessary, but the structure for reducing the level of emissions will depend on technological progress, changes in the sectoral composition, and innovations to boost the technical effect on the production of goods and simultaneously being capable of reducing the abatement costs [9].…”

“…Still, ambient air pollution is not an unavoidable consequence of modern economic growth [27,32,35,56,65,67,74,88,91], but the global requirement of eliminating the ambient air pollution will require courageous and fearless leadership, considerable new resources, mainly financial, from the EU community, and sweeping societal changes such as education and awareness [23,40,48,52,57]. Financial development, industrialization, the industrial sector, and urbanization are pointed in the literature as drivers of CO 2 emissions increases [23], and only renewable energy was found to reduce the environmental burden up to this moment in an effective way, at least for developed countries such as the EU 27 (see [23] for a comprehensive review of findings). Renewable energy is still pointed out as a solution to reduce GHG emissions in the EU countries, and to end up the still reliance on fossil fuel markets [53,63].…”

“…Recent studies provide in depth literature reviews in the research fields of air pollution and child health [21], on the impact of nanomaterials on the environment [22], and the environmental Kuznets curve research [23]. From these literature review examples, it is clear that countries' environmental degradation runs in parallel with the economy and that health effects arise from here [24,25].…”

“…Therefore, a broader debate emerges besides the simple legally mandated air quality standards and imposed by EU legislation [21]. This link between the EKC hypothesis regarding economic growth and pollution effects is thus strengthened by the emergence of the consequent health impacts [21][22][23][24][25].…”