A visual analog scale for the assessment of mild sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy participants

Alqurashi, Yousef D.; Dawidziuk, Aleksander; Alqarni, Abdullah; Kelly, Julia L.; Polkey, Michael I.; Morrell, Mary J.

doi:10.4103/atm.atm_437_20

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“… 20 , 21 A total score >6 indicates the presence of sleepiness, a score >11 indicates excessive sleepiness, and a score >16 indicates dangerous sleepiness. 20 , 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changed Nocturnal Sleep Structure and Higher Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1

Yu,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2024

NSS

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate nocturnal sleep structure and anxiety, depression, and fatigue in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Methods Thirty NT1 patients and thirty-five healthy controls were enrolled and evaluated using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test, and brain function state monitoring. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0. Benjamini-Hochberg correction was performed to control the false discovery rate. Results Apart from typical clinical manifestations, patients with NT1 are prone to comorbidities such as nocturnal sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Compared with the control group, patients with NT1 exhibited abnormal sleep structure, including increased total sleep time ( P adj =0.007), decreased sleep efficiency ( P adj =0.002), shortening of sleep onset latency ( P adj <0.001), elevated wake after sleep onset ( P adj =0.002), increased N1% ( P adj =0.006), and reduced N2%, N3%, and REM% ( P adj =0.007, P adj <0.001, P adj =0.013). Thirty-seven percent of patients had moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. And sixty percent of patients were complicated with REM sleep without atonia. Patients with NT1 displayed increased anxiety propensity ( P adj <0.001), and increased brain fatigue ( P adj =0.020) in brain function state monitoring. FSS scores were positively correlated with brain fatigue ( P adj <0.001) and mean sleep latency was inversely correlated with FSS scores and brain fatigue ( P adj =0.013, P adj =0.029). Additionally, ESS scores and brain fatigue decreased after 3 months of therapy ( P =0.012, P =0.030). Conclusion NT1 patients had abnormal nocturnal sleep structures, who showed increased anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue improved after 3 months of treatment with methylphenidate hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets in combination with venlafaxine.

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“… 20 , 21 A total score >6 indicates the presence of sleepiness, a score >11 indicates excessive sleepiness, and a score >16 indicates dangerous sleepiness. 20 , 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changed Nocturnal Sleep Structure and Higher Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1

Yu,

Zhang,

Cai

et al. 2024

NSS

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“…Sleepiness level. Another VAS was used to measure feelings of sleepiness [32] after the cognitively demanding task and documentary watching. The VAS consisted of a line measuring 100 mm in length with bipolar end anchors (0 mm = "No sleepy at all"; 100 mm = "Extremely sleepy").…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mental fatigue on hand force production capacities

Jacquet,

Poulin-Charronnat,

Bard

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Mental fatigue is common in society, but its effects on force production capacities remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental fatigue on maximal force production, rate of force development-scaling factor (RFD-SF), and force steadiness during handgrip contractions. Fourteen participants performed two randomized sessions, during which they either carried out a cognitively demanding task (i.e., a visual attention task) or a cognitively nondemanding task (i.e., documentary watching for 62 min). The mental fatigue was evaluated subjectively and objectively (performances and electroencephalography). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, RFD-SF, and force steadiness (i.e., force coefficient of variation at submaximal intensities; 25, 50, and 75% of MVC) were recorded before and after both tasks. The feeling of mental fatigue was much higher after completing the cognitively demanding task than after documentary watching (p < .001). During the cognitively demanding task, mental fatigue was evidenced by increased errors, missed trials, and decreased N100 amplitude over time. While no effect was reported on force steadiness, both tasks induced a decrease in MVC (p = .040), a force RFD-SF lower slope (p = .011), and a reduction in the coefficient of determination (p = .011). Nevertheless, these effects were not explicitly linked to mental fatigue since they appeared both after the mentally fatiguing task and after watching the documentary. The study highlights the importance of considering cognitive engagement and mental load when optimizing motor performance to mitigate adverse effects and improve force production capacities.

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“…[3] However, some studies have shown poor clinical effectiveness of the ESS due to its ambiguity of items and potentially limited cultural applicability. [4,5] Also, low test-retest reliability in ESS scores has been found, even when the test is repeated on the same day. [6] Alqurashi et al [4] claimed that, compared to ESS, Visual Analog Scale more easily detected a change in daytime sleepiness after continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between various breathing indexes during sleep and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score in adults

Hsieh

Hwang²,

Hwang

et al. 2022

Medicine

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Some breathing indexes during sleep, including the apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and oxygen saturation during sleep, can be recorded by overnight polysomnography. We aimed to investigate the association of various breathing indexes during sleep with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score in adults. We retrospectively collected the clinical and overnight polysomnography data of 2829 adults aged 20 years or older from November 2011 to June 2017. The association of various breathing indexes during sleep and ESS score was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for all adults (20–91 years), and in each sex and of body mass index (<26 kg/m2 vs ≥26 kg/m2). The mean ESS score was 6.2 (standard deviation = 4.3; range = 0–24) for all adults. After adjustment for age, sex, many common diseases, and health-related habits, apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, percentage of oxygen saturation below 90% during sleep, and percentage of oxygen saturation below 85% during sleep were significantly positively associated with ESS score in all adults, whereas mean oxygen saturation during sleep, minimal oxygen saturation during sleep, and awake oxygen saturation during sleep were significantly negatively associated with ESS score in all adults. In subgroup analysis, we found that the association between breathing indexes during sleep and ESS score was similar in both sex, but was significant in subjects of body mass index ≥ 26 kg/m2. All breathing indexes during sleep had significant positive or negative correlation with ESS score in all adults, especially in obese subjects.

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A visual analog scale for the assessment of mild sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy participants

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

The Changed Nocturnal Sleep Structure and Higher Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1

The Changed Nocturnal Sleep Structure and Higher Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1

Effect of mental fatigue on hand force production capacities

Association between various breathing indexes during sleep and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score in adults

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