“…For this research, crude oil from northern Mexico (viscosity at 298 K is 35000 mPa•s, API at 288 K is 10.2, SARA fractions (%) 39.6, 10.1, 23.5, and 26 11,27,30 was used. The solid phase was obtained from a mixture of sand (#20 mesh) and clay (5, 10, and 15 %) homogenized with deionized water (proportion 1:10 for clay content), compacted at 15000 psi (1 min).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These materials have been tested to reduce pressure drop in pipelines by decreasing the oil viscosity. [27][28][29] This work aims to contrast the theoretical results reported in previous work 11 and the experimental results concerning the efficiency of the materials to improve the fluid flow through porous media.…”
In this work, the effect of distilled water, a biodiesel viscosity reducer, and a commercial nonionic surfactant on the apparent permeability of clay-sand cores through the analysis of contact angle, linear swelling, and porous media fluid flow for a northern Mexico crude oil was evaluated. The results showed that the clay content influences the contact angle values having a lower wettability effect in the rocky medium. The addition of biodiesel produces a fluid movement similar to the addition of distilled water. Biodiesel-based flow enhancer not only reduces the crude oil viscosity but also improves the flowability through porous media. However, this behavior is only valid if the soil is not saturated with salty water.
“…For this research, crude oil from northern Mexico (viscosity at 298 K is 35000 mPa•s, API at 288 K is 10.2, SARA fractions (%) 39.6, 10.1, 23.5, and 26 11,27,30 was used. The solid phase was obtained from a mixture of sand (#20 mesh) and clay (5, 10, and 15 %) homogenized with deionized water (proportion 1:10 for clay content), compacted at 15000 psi (1 min).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These materials have been tested to reduce pressure drop in pipelines by decreasing the oil viscosity. [27][28][29] This work aims to contrast the theoretical results reported in previous work 11 and the experimental results concerning the efficiency of the materials to improve the fluid flow through porous media.…”
In this work, the effect of distilled water, a biodiesel viscosity reducer, and a commercial nonionic surfactant on the apparent permeability of clay-sand cores through the analysis of contact angle, linear swelling, and porous media fluid flow for a northern Mexico crude oil was evaluated. The results showed that the clay content influences the contact angle values having a lower wettability effect in the rocky medium. The addition of biodiesel produces a fluid movement similar to the addition of distilled water. Biodiesel-based flow enhancer not only reduces the crude oil viscosity but also improves the flowability through porous media. However, this behavior is only valid if the soil is not saturated with salty water.
“…Figure 1 shows the molecular models for paraffin and asphaltene single molecules, and the surfactant used in the interaction study. The models in Figure 1 for paraffin and asphaltene were taken as reference from previous work presented by Suarez et al in which the interaction with asphaltene from Mexican crude oil was The models in Figure 1 for paraffin and asphaltene were taken as reference from previous work presented by Suarez et al in which the interaction with asphaltene from Mexican crude oil was studied under the effect of a viscosity bio-reducer [13,20,21]. Molecules A, B, C, and D in Figure 1 are gallic acid ethoxylated derivatives designed to have different polarities by adding tri-ethoxylated chains as ether/ester derivatives, and are the next novel materials: A = gallic acid with three ethoxylated chains (ether), B = gallic acid with one ethoxylated chain (ester) and three hexyl chains, C = gallic acid with one ethoxylated chain (ester), and D = gallic acid with four ethoxylated chains (ester/ether).…”
Section: Study Of Molecular Interactions Using the Mmh Methodologymentioning
The most complex components in heavy crude oils tend to form aggregates that constitute the dispersed phase in these fluids, showing the high viscosity values that characterize them. Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are affected by the presence and concentration of this phase in crude oil. In this paper, a theoretical study based on computational chemistry was carried out to determine the molecular interaction energies between paraffin-asphaltenes-water and four surfactant molecules to predict their effect in W/O emulsions and the theoretical influence on the pressure drop behavior for fluids that move through porous media. The mathematical model determined a typical behavior of the fluid when the parameters of the system are changed (pore size, particle size, dispersed phase fraction in the fluid, and stratified fluid) and the viscosity model determined that two of the surfactant molecules are suitable for applications in the destabilization of W/O emulsions. Therefore, an experimental study must be set to determine the feasibility of the methodology and mathematical model displayed in this work.
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