“…Consequently, the passive control systems such as the metallic and various hysteretic dampers were invented to dissipate energy without power sources [6][7][8][9]. In most passive control systems, such as a metallic plate damper or a Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB), the input energy is dissipated by sacrificial elements which are replaceable after the earthquakes [10][11][12][13][14].…”