A Virtual Multi-Terminal Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators

Han, Bin; Li, Haifeng; Wang, Gang; Zeng, Deliang; Liang, Yuansheng

doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2749450

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The M-side denotes the PVPP side, whereas the N-side denotes the system side. protection [24][25][26][27][28], they have not discussed the specific fault characteristics of PVPPs or conducted an analysis from a mathematical viewpoint. When compared with previous studies, this study is the first to derive the mathematical expression of the ratio of differential current over restraint current, and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed.…”

Section: Overview Of the Pv Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Problem of Current Differential Protection of Lines Emanating from Photovoltaic Power Plants

Liang

2020

Sustainability

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The amplitude and phase angle of the fault current in photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) are significantly influenced by the control system of the grid-connected inverters, unlike in a conventional synchronous source. Hence, PVPPs may adversely affect the performance of the current differential protection designed for synchronous sources-based power grids. In order to study the performance problem of current differential protection on AC transmission lines, an analytical expression of the fault current in the PVPPs was deduced, and the fault current characteristic was extensively analyzed. Based on this analysis, the ratio of differential current over restraint current was initially derived in this study; this ratio is observed to be affected by the control system parameters, power grid system parameters, fault resistance, and fault types. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of this ratio can be clearly observed based on a three-dimensional diagram. Furthermore, the operating performance of the current differential protection was analyzed under different influencing factors. The mathematical analysis presents that the amplitude ratio of the fault current on both sides of the line is larger than nine and that current differential protection will operate reliably in any case. Meanwhile, the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the current phase angle difference may become an obtuse angle in case of an ungrounded fault, which will cause inaccurate operation of the current differential protection. The results of this study will provide guidance for the engineering application of current differential protection in case the PVPPs are connected to a power grid.

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Section: Overview Of the Pv Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have investigated the influence of the renewable energy power stations on current differential protection[24][25][26][27][28]. However, those studies did not discuss or analyze the specific fault characteristics of PVPPs from a mathematical viewpoint.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Problem of Current Differential Protection of Lines Emanating from Photovoltaic Power Plants

Liang

2020

Sustainability

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“…The accuracy is improved but the impedance is complex to calculate and its structure is different from that of the nature VSC. Further studies in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] show that the inverter's characteristics and the control strategy are the keys to model IIDG during the fault, and scholars are trying to model the IIDG during the fault under different control strategies (PQ control [7][8][9][10][11], V/f control [12,13] and droop control [12]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in [13], a unified model applicable to IIDGs adopting flexible PQ control strategies is proposed by deducing the uniform expression of the current reference of the inverter. Based on the fault model of IIDG, fault analysis of DN with several IIDGs are proposed in [14][15][16], which solve network equations and the fault model of IIDGs alternately in an iterative way to calculate nodes' voltage, fault current and the other fault variables, supporting the protection system configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Modeling of IIDG Considering Inverter’s Detailed Characteristics

et al. 2020

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As more and more inverter interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) such as PV are connected to the distribution network (DN), the existing relay protection system may malfunction due to the impact of the IIDGs. In order to evaluate that impact, the fault analysis of the DN with IIDGs is needed and the fault modelling of IIDG is of great significant for the fault analysis and the protection system validation and improvement. This paper proposes a new fault modelling method of IIDG that could consider the detailed characteristics of the inverter in different situations including the limitation of the modulation. The symmetrical fault model of PQ controlled IIDG is deduced by the proposed method, based on which the symmetrical fault analysis of the DN with IIDGs is carried out. The proposed model depicts IIDG as a voltage-controlled current source or a voltage-controlled voltage source according to whether the modulation is limited, therefore covers the full characteristics of the inverter under different conditions, improving the modelling accuracy. The case study based on the modified IEEE 13 nodes system shows that the fault analysis results obtained from the proposed model are more consistent with electromagnetic transient simulation than that of the state-of-art fault model, verifying its effectiveness. INDEX TERMS inverter interfaced distributed generator (IIDG), stagtewise fault model of IIDG, fault analysis of the distribution network with IIDGs, modulation limitation, fault ride-through

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“…To address these issues, advanced protection concepts have been proposed over the last years, which mainly concern MV distribution systems and reconsider conventional-overcurrent-relay-based protection schemes. These concepts are protective-relay-based and mainly apply directional overcurrent protection [19][20][21], distance protection [22,23], differential protection [24][25][26], or other alternative techniques [27][28][29].In LV distribution systems, similar protection issues are encountered when DGs are present [30]. Another challenge comes from the non-settable nature of the fuses that are typically installed as protection means in LV distribution networks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

Tsimtsios

Voglitsis²,

Perpinias³

et al. 2019

Energies

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The upcoming adoption of low-voltage-ride-through requirements in low-voltage distribution systems is expected to raise significant challenges in the operation of grid-tied inverters. Typically, these inverters interconnect photovoltaic units, which are the predominant distributed energy resource in low-voltage distribution networks, under an umbrella of standards and protection schemes. As such, a challenging issue that should be considered in low-voltage distribution network applications, regards the coordination between the line protection scheme (typically consisting of a non-settable fuse) and the low-voltage-ride-through operation of photovoltaic generators. During a fault, the fuse protecting a low-voltage feeder may melt, letting the generator to continue its ride-through operation. Considering that the efficacy/speed of the anti-islanding detection is affected by ride-through requirements, this situation can lead to protracted energization of the isolated feeder after fuse melting (unintentional islanding). To address this issue, this paper proposes a fault-current-limitation based solution, which does not require any modification in the existing protection scheme. The operation principles, design, and implementation of this solution are presented, while, its effectiveness is supported by extensive simulations in a test-case low-voltage distribution system. A discussion on the presented results concludes the paper.2 of 20 under consideration [1,3]. LV distribution networks are expected to be dominated by inverter-interfaced DG-units (IIDGs), principally photovoltaic ones [1,4]. To this end, several inverter-design concepts have been proposed, aiming at the compliance of LV-IIDGs with LVRT requirements [5][6][7].Since LVRT requirements keep DG-units connected to the network during faults, they contradict the requirement for a quick anti-islanding detection. Indeed, despite the fact that several efficient passive [8], active [9][10][11][12], or other hybrid methods [13] have been proposed over the last years for fast anti-islanding detection, their cooperation with LVRT operation remains a challenging issue under research, especially under high DG-penetration conditions. The authors of [14] attempted to clarify this contradiction, by allowing a PV-unit to trip without complying with LVRT, if passive anti-islanding detection asserts. This approach is also recommended within IEEE 1547-2018 [2]. Although the anti-islanding detection is decoupled by LVRT operation in those cases, the adoption of LVRT requirements can affect its efficacy/speed. For example, LVRT affects any anti-islanding method that is based on the magnitude of grid-tied voltage. Compromising the anti-islanding detection is an issue of concern to DSOs and power system engineers [15,16]. This problem is further intensified when frequency disturbance ride through requirements are also adopted (e.g., low/high-frequency ride-through, rate-of-change-of-frequency ride-through, and voltage-phase-angle-changes ride-through [2]). Within this context, i...

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A Virtual Multi-Terminal Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators

Cited by 74 publications

References 41 publications

Performance Problem of Current Differential Protection of Lines Emanating from Photovoltaic Power Plants

Performance Problem of Current Differential Protection of Lines Emanating from Photovoltaic Power Plants

Fault Modeling of IIDG Considering Inverter’s Detailed Characteristics

On the Conflict between LVRT and Line Protection in LV Distribution Systems with PVs: A Current-Limitation-Based Solution

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