A video analysis framework for the rugby league tackle

Hopkinson, Mike; Bissas, Athanassios; Nicholson, Gareth; Beggs, Clive; Scantlebury, Sean; Hendricks, Sharief; Jones, Ben

doi:10.1080/24733938.2021.1898667

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A ball carrier was defined as a player in possession of the ball when tackled by a tackler, including instances where the ball carrier offloaded the ball in the process of being tackled. Tacklers were defined as players attempting to impede the progress or divest an opponent in possession of the ball regardless of the outcome (e.g., incomplete tackles were included, defined as those where the defender made initial contact but missed the tackle due to physical contact with the ball carrier) (35).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with previous work in rugby union (27) and rugby league (26), this study focused specifically on the tackler and ball carrier's actions, reporting the body positions of the tackler and ball carrier, head contact during the tackle and the ball carrier's evasion methods. In accordance with Hopkinson and colleagues' (35) video analysis framework for the rugby league tackle, we considered variables from five out of the six "phases of the tackle" (i.e., the tackle event, defensive start point, pre-contact, initial contact, and post-contact, but we did not code any variable associated with the play-the-ball). In terms of tackler position, trunk posture has been defined as either upright (no flexion), bent at the waist (>60°) (36) or bent at the knees (>60°k nee flexion), with a relatively upright torso.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three seasons of the National Rugby League Women's competition

McLeod

Tucker

Edwards

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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ObjectiveThe tackle is the most injurious event in rugby league and carries the greatest risk of concussion. This study aims to replicate previous research conducted in professional men's rugby league by examining the association between selected tackle characteristics and head impact events (HIEs) in women's professional rugby league.MethodsWe reviewed and coded 83 tackles resulting in an HIE and every tackle (6,318 tackles) that did not result in an HIE for three seasons (2018–2020) of the National Rugby League Women's (NRLW) competition. Tackle height, body position of the tackler and ball carrier, as well as the location of head contact with the other player's body were evaluated. Propensity of each situation that caused an HIE was calculated as HIEs per 1,000 tackles.ResultsThe propensity for tacklers to sustain an HIE was 6.60 per 1,000 tackles (95% CI: 4.87–8.92), similar to that of the ball carrier (6.13 per 1,000 tackles, 95% CI: 4.48–8.38). The greatest risk of an HIE to either the tackler or ball carrier occurred when head proximity was above the sternum (21.66 per 1,000 tackles, 95% CI: 16.55–28.35). HIEs were most common following impacts between two heads (287.23 HIEs per 1,000 tackles, 95% CI: 196.98–418.84). The lowest propensity for both tackler (2.65 per 1,000 tackles, 95% CI: 0.85–8.20) and ball carrier HIEs (1.77 per 1,000 tackles, 95% CI: 0.44–7.06) occurred when the head was in proximity to the opponent's shoulder and arm. No body position (upright, bent or unbalanced/off feet) was associated with an increased propensity of HIE to either tackler or ball carrier.ConclusionsIn the NRLW competition, tacklers and ball carriers have a similar risk of sustaining an HIE during a tackle, differing from men's NRL players, where tacklers have a higher risk of HIEs. Further studies involving larger samples need to validate these findings. However, our results indicate that injury prevention initiatives in women's rugby league should focus on how the ball carrier engages in contact during the tackle as well as how the tackler executes the tackle.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three seasons of the National Rugby League Women's competition

McLeod

Tucker

Edwards

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The software allowed for control over the video playback and saving of each coded event descriptor. The tackle events identified were assessed retrospectively by the first author using 229 different tackle-related characteristics (Hopkinson, 2019) informed by previous literature (Burger, 2016(Burger, , 2017Deutsch, Kearney, & Rehrer, 2007;Fuller, 2010;Hendricks, 2014;King, Hume, & Clark, 2010;Quarrie & Hopkins, 2008;Sewry, 2015;Speranza, 2017;Wheeler, Askew, & Sayers, 2010). The characteristics identified originated from the following tackle phase categories (1) tackle event, (2) defensive set up, (3) pre-contact, (4) initial contact (5) post-contact for both tackler and ball carrier and ( 6) play the ball.…”

Section: Video Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rugby league ball carrier injuries: The relative importance of tackle characteristics during the European Super League

Hopkinson

Nicholson

Weaving

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Rugby league carries a high injury incidence with 61% of injuries occurring at tackles. The ball carrier has a higher injury incidence than the defender, therefore understanding mechanisms occurring during injurious tackles are important. Given the dynamic, open nature of tackling, characteristics influencing tackle outcome likely encompass complex networks of dependencies. This study aims to identify important classifying characteristics of the tackle related to ball carrier injurious and non-injurious events in rugby league and identify the characteristics capability to correctly classify those events. Forty-one ball carrier injuries were identified and 205 matched non-injurious tackles were identified as controls. Each case and control were analysed retrospectively through video analysis. Random forest models were built to 1.) filter tackle characteristics possessing relative importance for classifying tackles resulting in injurious/non-injurious outcomes and 2.) determine sensitivity and specificity of tackle characteristics to classify injurious and non-injurious events. Six characteristics were identified to possess relative importance to classify injurious tackles. This included 'tackler twisted ball carrier's legs when legs were planted on ground', 'the tackler and ball carrier collide heads', 'the tackler used body weight to tackle ball carrier, 'the tackler has obvious control of the ball carrier' 'the tackler was approaching tackle sub-maximally' and 'tackler's arms were below shoulder level, elbows were flexed'. The study identified tackle characteristics that can be modified in attempt to reduce injury. Additional injury data are needed to establish relationship networks of characteristics and analyse specific injuries. Sensitivity and specificity results of the random forest were 0.995 and 0.525.

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“…In other sports, video analysis frameworks are established to ensure consistency when coding match events for performance-based studies and interventions, and to identify injury risk factors and mechanisms. [20][21][22][23] For example, Hendricks et al 24 used video analysis to understand the mechanisms of concussion injuries in youth rugby union to develop training interventions to decrease the risk of sustaining a concussive injury. In elite netball, video analysis has been used to identify landing from a jump as a mechanism for anterior cruciate ligament injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group

et al. 2023

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Using an expert consensus-based approach, a netball video analysis consensus (NVAC) group of researchers and practitioners was formed to develop a video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions of physical, technical and contextual aspects for netball research. The framework aims to improve the consistency of language used within netball investigations. It also aims to guide injury mechanism reporting and identification of injury risk factors. The development of the framework involved a systematic review of the literature and a Delphi process. In conjunction with commercially used descriptors and definitions, 19 studies were used to create the initial framework of key descriptors and definitions in netball. In a two round Delphi method consensus, each expert rated their level of agreement with each of the descriptors and associated definition on a 5-point Likert scale (1—strongly disagree; 2—somewhat disagree; 3—neither agree nor disagree; 4—somewhat agree; 5—strongly agree). The median (IQR) rating of agreement was 5.0 (0.0), 5.0 (0.0) and 5.0 (0.0) for physical, technical and contextual aspects, respectively. The NVAC group recommends usage of the framework when conducting video analysis research in netball. The use of descriptors and definitions will be determined by the nature of the work and can be combined to incorporate further movements and actions used in netball. The framework can be linked with additional data, such as injury surveillance and microtechnology data.

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A video analysis framework for the rugby league tackle

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three seasons of the National Rugby League Women's competition

A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three seasons of the National Rugby League Women's competition

Rugby league ball carrier injuries: The relative importance of tackle characteristics during the European Super League

Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group

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