A very luminous jet from the disruption of a star by a massive black hole

Andreoni, Igor; Coughlin, M. W.; Perley, D.; Yao, Yuhan; Lu, W.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Kumar, Harsh; Anand, S.; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Postigo, A. de Ugarte; Carracedo, Ana Sagués; Schulze, S.; Канн, Д. А.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Sollerman, J.; Tanvir, N. R.; Rest, A.; Izzo, L.; Somalwar, Jean J.; Kaplan, David L.; Ahumada, Tomás; Anupama, G. C.; Auchettl, Katie; Barway, Sudhanshu; Bellm, Eric C.; Bhalerao, V.; Bloom, J.; Bremer, M.; Bulla, Mattia; Burns, E.; Campana, S.; Chandra, Poonam; Charalampopoulos, P.; Cooke, Jeff; D’Elia, V.; Das, Kaustav K.; Dobie, Dougal; Fernández, J. F. Agüı́; Freeburn, James; Fremling, C.; Gezari, Suvi; Goode, Simon; Graham, M. J.; Hammerstein, Erica; Karambelkar, Viraj; Kilpatrick, C. D.; Kool, Erik C.; Krips, M.; Laher, Russ R.; Leloudas, G.; Levan, A. J.; Lundquist, M.; Mahabal, A.; Medford, Michael S.; Miller, M. Coleman; Möller, A.; Mooley, K. P.; Nayana, A. J.; Nir, G.; Pang, P. T. H.; Paraskeva, E.; Perley, R. A.; Petitpas, G.; Pursiainen, M.; Ravi, Vikram; Ridden-Harper, Ryan; Riddle, Reed; Rigault, M.; Rodriguez, Antonio C.; Rusholme, B.; Sharma, Y.; Smith, I. A.; Stein, R.; Thöne, C. C.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Valdés, F.; Roestel, Jan van; Vergani, S. D.; Wang, Qinan; Zhang, Jielai

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05465-8

Cited by 42 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…The measured Stokes parameters for AT 2022cmc are q = 0.20% ± 0.67% and u = 0.17% ± 0.79%, which lead to a polarization degree of p lin = 0.26% ± 0.73%, and after a polarization bias correction, following Plaszczynski et al (2014), p lin BiasCorr = 0.14% ± 0.73%, i.e., a 3σ upper limit of ∼2.3%. We note that the host galaxy of AT 2022cmc is not detected to very faint limits (>24.5 mag; Andreoni et al 2022a), and it can therefore contribute a maximum 6% of the captured light. For this reason, we have not applied any host galaxy dilution correction for the transient polarization (Leloudas et al 2022;Liodakis et al 2022b).…”

Section: Linear Polarimetrymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Here we present optical (rest-frame UV) linear and circular polarimetry of AT 2022cmc obtained at 15.84 and 26.81 observer-frame days (7.22 and 12.23 rest-frame days), respectively, relative to the first detection on 2022 February 11 at 10:42:40 UTC (MJD 59621.44), following Andreoni et al (2022a). Thus, the blue plateau dominates the transient evolution during our observed epochs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…AT 2022cmc is another transient at z = 1.193 (Tanvir et al 2022) that has been proposed to be a relativistic TDE (Andreoni et al 2022a;Pasham et al 2023) although it was not discovered through its high-energy emission. It was discovered in the optical by a wide-field transient survey, the Zwicky Transient Facility (Bellm et al 2019), where it was Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…initially noticed as a fast and red transient (Andreoni et al 2022b). Andreoni et al (2022a) presented a detailed study of this event for the first 15 rest-frame days, including X-ray, UV/ optical/IR, and submillimeter/radio data, suggesting that a relativistic jet was formed, producing an afterglow powered by synchrotron radiation. In the UV/optical wavelengths, they showed that the initial rapid (and red) decay phase is followed by a bluer luminous (M g ∼ −22 mag) plateau ∼4.5 days after detection in the rest frame (∼10 days in observer frame; see their Figure 1), and they argue that this second phase traces a more ordinary thermal component, reminiscent of optical TDEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the UV/optical wavelengths, they showed that the initial rapid (and red) decay phase is followed by a bluer luminous (M g ∼ −22 mag) plateau ∼4.5 days after detection in the rest frame (∼10 days in observer frame; see their Figure 1), and they argue that this second phase traces a more ordinary thermal component, reminiscent of optical TDEs. Andreoni et al (2022a) examined alternative solutions for the nature of this transient, including a kilonova, FBOT, and a GRB origin, but they reject all of them supporting the scenario of a relativistic TDE. This conclusion is corroborated by Pasham et al (2023) who show that the X-ray emission of AT 2022cmc demonstrates rapid variability on timescales of hours, requiring a small emitting region, seen previously in relativistic TDEs but not in GRB afterglows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Cikota¹,

Leloudas²,

Bulla³

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star orbiting a massive black hole is sufficiently close to being tidally ripped apart by the black hole. AT 2022cmc is the first relativistic TDE that was observed (and discovered) as an optically bright and fast transient, showing signatures of nonthermal radiation induced by a jet that is oriented toward the Earth. In this work, we present optical linear and circular polarization measurements, observed with the Very Large Telescope/FORS2 in the R band (which corresponds to the blue/UV part of the spectrum in the rest frame), ∼7.2 and ∼12.2 rest-frame days after the first detection, respectively, when the light curve of the transient had settled in a bright blue plateau. Both linear and circular polarizations are consistent with zero, p lin = 0.14% ± 0.73%, and p cir = −0.30% ± 0.53%. This is the highest signal-to-noise ratio linear polarization measurement obtained for a relativistic TDE and the first circular polarimetry for such a transient. The nondetection of the linear and circular polarizations is consistent with the scenario of AT 2022cmc being a TDE where the thermal component (disk+outflows) is viewed pole-on, assuming an axially symmetric geometry. The presence and effect of a jet and/or external shocks are, however, difficult to disentangle.

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Section: Linear Polarimetrymentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Cikota¹,

Leloudas²,

Bulla³

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Probing extreme black‐hole outflows on short timescales via high spectral‐resolution x‐ray imagers

Pinto,

Steiner,

Bodaghee

et al. 2024

Astron Nachr

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We investigate outflows and the physics of super‐Eddington versus sub‐Eddington regimes in black hole systems. Our focus is on prospective science using next‐generation high‐resolution soft x‐ray instruments. We highlight the properties of black hole ultraluminous x‐ray source (ULX) systems in particular. Owing to scale invariance in accreting black holes, ULX accretion properties, including their outflows, inform our understanding not only of the closely related population of (similar‐mass) x‐ray binary systems but also of tidal disruption events (TDEs) around supermassive black holes. A subsample of TDEs are likely to transcend super‐Eddington to sub‐Eddington regimes as they evolve, offering an important unifying analog to ULXs and sub‐Eddington x‐ray binaries. We demonstrate how next‐generation soft x‐ray observations with resolving power and collecting area can simultaneously identify ultrafast and more typical wind components, distinguish between different wind mechanisms, and constrain changing wind properties over characteristic variability timescales.

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Science with a Small Two-Band UV-Photometry Mission III: Active Galactic Nuclei and Nuclear Transients

Zajaček,

Czerny,

Jaiswal

et al. 2024

Space Sci Rev

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In this review, the third one in the series focused on a small two-band UV-photometry mission, we assess possibilities for a small UV two-band photometry mission in studying accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{6}$ ∼ 10 6 –$10^{10}\,M_{\odot }$ 10 10 M ⊙ ). We focus on the following observational concepts: (i) dedicated monitoring of selected type-I Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in order to measure the time delay between the far-UV, the near-UV, and other wavebands (X-ray and optical), (ii) nuclear transients including (partial) tidal disruption events and repetitive nuclear transients, and (iii) the study of peculiar sources, such as changing-look AGN, hollows and gaps in accretion disks, low-luminosity AGN, and candidates for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes (IMBHs; mass range $\sim 10^{2}$ ∼ 10 2 –$10^{5}\,M_{\odot }$ 10 5 M ⊙ ) in galactic nuclei. The importance of a small UV mission for the observing program (i) is to provide intense, high-cadence monitoring of selected sources, which will be beneficial for, e.g. reverberation-mapping of accretion disks and subsequently confronting accretion-disk models with observations. For program (ii), a relatively small UV space telescope is versatile enough to start monitoring a transient event within ≲ 20 minutes after receiving the trigger; such a moderately fast repointing capability will be highly beneficial. Peculiar sources within the program (iii) will be of interest to a wider community and will create an environment for competitive observing proposals. For tidal disruption events (TDEs), high-cadence UV monitoring is crucial for distinguishing among different scenarios for the origin of the UV emission. The small two-band UV space telescope will also provide information about the near- and far-UV continuum variability for rare transients, such as repetitive partial TDEs and jetted TDEs. We also discuss the possibilities to study and analyze sources with non-standard accretion flows, such as AGN with gappy disks, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with intermittent accretion, and SMBH binaries potentially involving intermediate-mass black holes.

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A very luminous jet from the disruption of a star by a massive black hole

Cited by 42 publications

References 144 publications

Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Linear and Circular Polarimetry of the Optically Bright Relativistic Tidal Disruption Event AT 2022cmc

Probing extreme black‐hole outflows on short timescales via high spectral‐resolution x‐ray imagers

Science with a Small Two-Band UV-Photometry Mission III: Active Galactic Nuclei and Nuclear Transients

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