A Very High 70%-Protein Diet Does Not Induce Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats

L'Heureux-Bouron, Diane; Tomé, Daniel; Bensaı̈d, Ahmed; Morens, Céline; Gaudichon, Claire; Fromentin, Gilles

doi:10.1093/jn/134.6.1512

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Convergent functional and anatomical evidence in rats established that the high-protein diet effect is due to an increased satiety signaling rather than a low palatability of the diet or the induction of the conditioned taste aversion (20). Although an earlier study points to an initial orosensory preabsorptive poor palatability (37), subsequent results obtained using two choices and flavor testing, behavioral satiety sequence, taste reactivity in response to different percentages or sources of proteins support that the determinant of reduced daily energy intake in rats eating a high-protein diet is a protein-specific food intake-suppressive mechanism (4,5,19,30,31). Of relevance are also choice study experiments showing that rats select a casein-containing diet (40% protein) over other proteins (46), further supporting the enhanced acceptability of casein used in the present study (50% protein from casein, 52% protein in total).…”

Section: Table 2 Fold-changes In Intestinal Hormones After 2-h Dark-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

Stengel

Goebel-Stengel

Wang

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Obesity is an increasing health problem. Because drug treatments are limited, diets remain popular. High-protein diets (HPD) reduce body weight (BW), although the mechanisms are unclear. We investigated physiological mechanisms altered by switching diet induced obesity (DIO) rats from Western-type diet (WTD) to HPD. Male rats were fed standard (SD) or WTD (45% calories from fat). After developing DIO (50% of rats), they were switched to SD (15% calories from protein) or HPD (52% calories from protein) for up to 4 weeks. Food intake (FI), BW, body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and intestinal hormone plasma levels were monitored. Rats fed WTD showed an increased FI and had a 25% greater BW gain after 9 wk compared with SD (P Ͻ 0.05). Diet-induced obese rats switched from WTD to HPD reduced daily FI by 30% on day 1, which lasted to day 9 (Ϫ9%) and decreased BW during the 2-wk period compared with SD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05). During these 2 wk, WTD/HPD rats lost 72% more fat mass than WTD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05), whereas lean mass was unaltered. WTD/HPD rats had lower blood glucose than WTD/SD at 30 min postglucose gavage (P Ͻ 0.05). The increase of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY during the 2-h dark-phase feeding was higher in WTD/HPD compared with WTD/SD (P Ͻ 0.05). These data indicate that HPD reduces BW in WTD rats, which may be related to decreased FI and the selective reduction of fat mass accompanied by improved glucose tolerance, suggesting relevant benefits of HPD in the treatment of obesity. diet-induced obesity; food intake; high-protein diet; gut hormones OBESITY HAS BECOME EPIDEMIC, and by the year 2030, half of the adult population is predicted to be obese in the United States (54). Its prevalence is expanding worldwide in industrialized countries and spreading also to less developed countries; therefore "globesity" is taking over many parts of the world (see World Health Organization homepage). The plethora of health consequences related to obesity involves increased risk of developing adult-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and certain forms of cancer, including colorectal and pancreatic cancer (25). Therefore, obesity represents a major medical problem in the United States, and 12% of the entire health care costs are spent taking care of obesity-related comorbidities (52). A modest 5 to 10% body weight loss in obese subjects has been shown to result in improvements of these metabolic disturbances (21, 53).Although two antiobesity drugs have recently been approved, drug treatment options are still very limited (26), and therefore, dietary interventions remain popular. In particular, the use of a high-protein diet is considered a beneficial strategy to achieve a long-term reduction in body weight (8,22,47,48). However, the means by which an isocaloric high-protein diet reduces body weight are not well understood. There is some evidence that protein decreases appetite by increasing anorexigenic signaling (16,34,55) and stimulates thermogenesis (13,57,58) in experi...

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Section: Table 2 Fold-changes In Intestinal Hormones After 2-h Dark-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total area under the curve (42) (11). Blood was obtained by tail prick before and at 15,30,60,120,180, and 240 min postinjection, and blood glucose was assessed using standard glucose test strips (One-Touch Ultra). The area under the curve was calculated as described above.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

Stengel

Goebel-Stengel

Wang

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…47 However, the depressant effect of a high-protein diet was not abolished after vagotomy in the rat. 48 Moreover, the relevance and physiological significance of intestinal gluconeogenesis remains a subject of debate. 49 Firstly, the expression of the genes encoding PEPCK and G6Pase is very low in the intestine and only represents 0.5 and 6.5% of the mRNA abundance found in the liver, respectively.…”

Section: Gluconeogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose–response effects

et al. 2006

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Body-weight management requires a multifactorial approach. Recent findings suggest that an elevated protein intake seems to play a key role herein, through (i) increased satiety related to increased diet-induced thermogenesis; (ii) its effect on thermogenesis; (iii) body composition; and (iv) decreased energy-efficiency, all of which are related to protein metabolism. Supported by these mechanisms, relatively larger weight loss and subsequent stronger body-weight maintenance have been observed. Increased insulin sensitivity may appear, but it is unclear whether this is due to weight loss or type of diet. The phenomenon of increased satiety is utilized in reduced energy-intake diets, mainly in the ad libitum condition, whereby sustained satiety is achieved with sustained absolute protein intake in grams, despite lower energy intake. Elevated thermogenesis and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) appear to play a role in high-protein induced satiety. Under conditions of weight maintenance, a high-protein diet shows a reduced energy efficiency related to the body composition of the body weight regained, that is, in favor of fat-free mass. Indeed, during body-weight loss, as well as during weight regain, a high-protein diet preserves or increases fat-free mass and reduces fat mass and improves the metabolic profile. In the short-term this may be supported by a positive protein and a negative fat balance, through increased fat oxidation. As protein intake is studied under various states of energy balance, absolute and relative protein intake needs to be discriminated. In absolute grams, a normal protein diet becomes a relatively high-protein diet in negative energy balance and at weight maintenance. Therefore, 'high protein negative energy balance diets' aim to keep the grams of proteins ingested at the same level as consumed at energy balance, despite lower energy intakes.

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“…Others have demonstrated that rats do not develop an aversion the high protein diets [20,21]. Because previos examinations of high protein diets and aversion tested aversion to diets from which the protein source was different than that used in our diets, we employed a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm and a two-diet choice test.…”

Section: Diet Aversion and Preference Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and hypothalamic effects of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet

Kinzig¹,

Hargrave²,

Hyun

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Diets high in fat or protein and extremely low in carbohydrate are frequently reported to result in weight loss in humans. We previously reported that rats maintained on a low carbohydrate-high fat diet (LC-HF) consumed similar kcals/day as chow (CH)-fed rats and did not differ in body weight after 7 weeks. LC-HF rats had a 45% decrease in POMC expression in the ARC, decreased plasma insulin, and increased plasma leptin and ghrelin. In the present study we assessed the effects of a low carbohydrate-high protein diet (HP: 30% fat, 65% protein, and 5% CHO) on body weight, caloric intake, plasma hormone levels and hypothalamic gene expression. Male rats (n=16) were maintained on CH or HP for 4 weeks. HP rats gained significantly less weight than CH rats (73.4 +/− 9.4 and 125.0 +/− 8.2 g) and consumed significantly less kcals/day (94.8 +/− 1.5 and 123.6 +/− 1.1). Insulin was significantly reduced in HP rats (HP: 1.8 +/− 0.6 vs. CH: 4.12 +/− 0.8 ng/ml), there were no differences between groups in plasma leptin and plasma ghrelin was significantly elevated in HP rats (HP: 127.5 +/− 45 vs. CH: 76.9 +/− 8 pg/ml). Maintenance on HP resulted in significantly increased ARC POMC (HP: 121 +/− 10.0 vs. 100 +/− 5.9) and DMH NPY (HP: 297 +/− 82.1 vs. CH: 100+/− 37.7) expression compared to CH controls. These data suggest that the macronutrient content of diets differentially influences hypothalamic gene expression in ways that can affect overall intake.

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A Very High 70%-Protein Diet Does Not Induce Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats

Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose–response effects

Energy balance and hypothalamic effects of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet

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