A Verticillium dahliae Pectate Lyase Induces Plant Immune Responses and Contributes to Virulence

Yang, Yuankun; Zhang, Yi; Li, Beibei; Yang, Xiufen; Dong, Yuchen; Qiu, Dewen

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01271

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…tomato (95)). Also, pectic enzymes can elicit defense responses in plants (96). In Tetracladium , expression of PL3-2, and other PLs, may require tight context dependent control, with high expression during saprotrophy to degrade leaves, but no-to-low expression when living as endobionts to avoid triggering plant defenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad geographical and ecological diversity from similar genomic toolkits in the ascomycete genusTetracladium

Anderson

Marvanová

2020

Preprint

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18The ascomycete genus Tetracladium is best known for containing aquatic hyphomycetes, which are 19 important decomposers in stream food webs. However, some species of Tetracladium are thought 20 to be multifunctional and are also endobionts in plants. Suprisingly, Tetracladium sequences are 21 increasingly being reported from metagenomics and metabarcoding studies of both plants and soils 22 world-wide. It is not clear how these sequences are related to the described species and little is 23 known about the non-aquatic biology of these fungi. Here, the genomes of 24 Tetracladium strains, 24 including all described species, were sequenced and used to resolve relationships among taxa and to 25 improve our understanding of ecological and genomic diversity in this group. All genome-sequenced 26 Tetracladium fungi form a monophyletic group. Conspecific strains of T. furcatum from both aquatic 27 saprotrophic and endobiont lifestyles and a putative cold-adapted clade are identified. Analysis of 28 ITS sequences from water, soil, and plants from around the world reveals that multifunctionality 29 may be widespread through the genus. Further, frequent reports of these fungi from extreme 30 environments suggest they may have important but unknown roles in those ecosystems. Patterns of 31 predicted carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZyme) and secondary metabolites in the Tetracladium 32 genomes are more similar to each other than to other ascomycetes, regardless of ecology, 33 suggesting a strong role for phylogeny shaping genome content in the genus. Tetracladium genomes 34 are enriched for pectate lyase domains (including PL3-2), GH71 α-1,3-glucanase domains and CBM24 35 α-1,3-glucan/mutan binding modules, and both GH32 and CBM38, inulinase and inulin binding 36 modules. These results indicate that these fungi are well-suited to digesting pectate and pectin in 37 leaves when living as aquatic hyphomycetes, and inulin when living as root endobionts. Enrichment 38 for α-1,3-glucanase domains may be associated with interactions with biofilm forming 39 microorganisms in root and submerged leaf environments. 42 important decomposers in stream ecosystems. The group is polyphyletic, its members are classified 43 in various orders and families of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. These fungi thrive on leaves and 44 other plant debris that enter streams and other water bodies from terrestrial plants. In the process, 45 carbon and nutrients from recalcitrant plant compounds, including cellulose and lignin, become 46 accessible to diverse consumers in the stream food web (reviewed in (1, 2)). Up to 99% of the carbon 47 in some streams enters as plant debris that is largely inaccessible to aquatic consumers without the 48 degradative activity of these fungi (3, 4). Aquatic hyphomycete adaptations to stream environments 49 include the production of asexual propagules (conidia) while under water. These spores are often 50 branched, typically tetraradiate, or sigmoid, readily detachable from the fungus (e.g. from 51 conidiophores) and passi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad geographical and ecological diversity from similar genomic toolkits in the ascomycete genusTetracladium

Anderson

Marvanová

2020

Preprint

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“…Pectin is found in plant cell walls where it strengthens the wall integrity (Yadeta and Thomma, 2013). The degradation of this complex branched polysaccharide demands the action of several CAZymes (Yang et al, 2018). This situation is reflected in our SXM-derived exoproteome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Several potential virulence factors were identified in the xylem sap-specific response set. Proteins involved in the degradation of carbohydrates are known to contribute to V. dahliae pathogenicity (Gui et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2018). The five proteins comprising domains of already characterized V. dahliae effectors incorporate either NPP1 or cerato-platanin (CP) domains.…”

Section: Xylem Sap Triggers the Secretion Of Potential And Known Vertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verticillium longisporum Elicits Media-Dependent Secretome Responses With Capacity to Distinguish Between Plant-Related Environments

et al. 2020

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Verticillia cause a vascular wilt disease affecting a broad range of economically valuable crops. The fungus enters its host plants through the roots and colonizes the vascular system. It requires extracellular proteins for a successful plant colonization. The exoproteomes of the allodiploid Verticillium longisporum upon cultivation in different media or xylem sap extracted from its host plant Brassica napus were compared. Secreted fungal proteins were identified by label free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening. V. longisporum induced two main secretion patterns. One response pattern was elicited in various non-plant related environments. The second pattern includes the exoprotein responses to the plant-related media, pectinrich simulated xylem medium and pure xylem sap, which exhibited similar but additional distinct features. These exoproteomes include a shared core set of 221 secreted and similarly enriched fungal proteins. The pectin-rich medium significantly induced the secretion of 143 proteins including a number of pectin degrading enzymes, whereas xylem sap triggered a smaller but unique fungal exoproteome pattern with 32 enriched proteins. The latter pattern included proteins with domains of known pathogenicity factors, metallopeptidases and carbohydrate-active enzymes. The most abundant proteins of these different groups are the necrosis and ethylene inducing-like proteins Nlp2 and Nlp3, the cerato-platanin proteins Cp1 and Cp2, the metallopeptidases Mep1 and Mep2 and the carbohydrate-active enzymes Gla1, Amy1 and Cbd1. Their pathogenicity contribution was analyzed in the haploid parental strain V. dahliae. Deletion of the majority of the corresponding genes caused no phenotypic changes during

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“…Erwinia chrysanthemi ) produces a set of pectate lyases as major virulence factors, causing soft rot disease in a number of crops (Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat et al ., ). Furthermore, pectate lyases also contribute to the virulence of Verticillium dahliae that causes soilborne disease in hundreds of dicotyledonous plants (Yang et al ., ). In the present study, two kinds of lyases were produced by A. patula : PATE, a pectate lyase, catalysed depolymerization via β‐elimination, and PMTE, a pectin lyase, catalysed depolymerization via β‐elimination at bonds to O ‐esterified galacturonic acid units to degrade pectin in the middle lamella and primary cell wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of virulence and pathogenicity of Alternaria patula on French marigold (Tagetes patula)

2019

Plant Pathology

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Alternaria patula, the cause of French marigold leaf black spot and flower blight, was first isolated from seeds of French marigold cv. Queen Sophia. It is described as a new species of Alternaria and has a considerable morphological variation with a preferential pathogenicity to Asteraceae, Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae plants. Alternaria patula produces an array of pectin depolymerases that can break 1,4-a-glycosidic bonds either by hydrolysis of polygalacturonases (PG, E.C. 3.2.1.15) or via trans-elimination of pectate lyases (PL, E.C. 4.2.2.2) and pectin lyases (PNL, E.C. 4.2.2.10). This study is the first to emphasize the variability and significance to pathogenesis of the pectinolytic enzymes of A. patula that target various pectic polymers structures during host tissue invasion. Alternaria patula also produced zinniol derivatives as non-host-specific toxins (nHSTs), albeit without phytotoxic symptoms in French marigold. The management of Alternaria blight caused by A. patula via the application of pyrifenox and antagonistic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens effectively reduced disease severity, without adverse effects on French marigold in both in vitro and in vivo bioassays.

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A Verticillium dahliae Pectate Lyase Induces Plant Immune Responses and Contributes to Virulence

Cited by 71 publications

References 73 publications

Broad geographical and ecological diversity from similar genomic toolkits in the ascomycete genusTetracladium

Broad geographical and ecological diversity from similar genomic toolkits in the ascomycete genusTetracladium

Verticillium longisporum Elicits Media-Dependent Secretome Responses With Capacity to Distinguish Between Plant-Related Environments

Evaluation of virulence and pathogenicity of Alternaria patula on French marigold (Tagetes patula)

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