A vertically oriented two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper phase perovskite passivation layer for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Choi, Yunseong; Koo, Donghwan; Jeong, Gyujeong; Kim, Ungsoo; Kim, Hyung-Min; Huang, Fuzhi; Park, Hyesung

doi:10.1039/d2ee00759b

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(63 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[23] Our findings are particularly important for the reproducible vapor-phase deposition of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, where MAI plays a decisive role and almost all published solar cell efficiencies above 20% have been achieved using MAIcontaining perovskite compositions. [12][13][14][42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Role of Methylammonium Iodide Purity on the Vapor‐Phase Deposition Process of Perovskites

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead halide perovskites are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, as they combine a high absorption coefficient, a steep absorption onset, and a certain tolerance against defects with low-cost favorable manufacturing perspectives. [1][2][3][4] In particular, the rapid rise in perovskite solar cell efficiency from below 10% to over 25% in less than 10 years attracted international attention. [5,6] Currently, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are typically prepared by solution-based processes, although evaporation techniques, which are widely used in the semiconductor industry, offer unique advantages. [7,8] In particular, vacuum processes enable the deposition of very smooth films and provide excellent control over film thickness and composition. [9] In addition, up-scaling to larger areas is feasible once the process control is realized. To monitor the evaporation process, quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are commonly used. [7,10] Although the co-evaporation process for perovskites was already successfully demonstrated in 2013 [11] and recently enabled solar cell efficiencies of over 20%, [12][13][14] the implementation of this technology is constrained by its low reproducibility. [15] Especially the complex evaporation behavior of methylammonium iodide (MAI), which includes extreme pressure rise, low rate stability, and poor adhesion to the QCM, was repeatedly reported as a challenge in several publications over the past decade. [13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Despite these challenges, MAI is an essential precursor material for the vapor-deposition of highly efficient PSCs, as the literature overview presented in Table S1, Supporting Information illustrates.The evaporation of MAI differs from a conventional directional evaporation process being more vapor-based was already demonstrated by Ono et al. in 2014. [16] To determine the composition of this nondirectional evaporating MAI vapor, which is also referred to as MAI gas, [24] mass spectrometry (MS) studies were carried out. [22,25] Analyzing MAI by thermogravimetry coupled with MS, Juarez-Perez identified iodomethane (CH 3 I) and ammonia (NH 3 ) as gaseous decomposition products. [25] In contrast, the most recent study by Baekbo et al. concludes that the main decomposition products of MAI are methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) and hydrogen iodide (HI). [22] Furthermore, it is suggested that for the conversion of the lead halide both compounds (HI and CH 3 NH 2 ) need to be present and a high chamber pressure is beneficial for a successful co-evaporation. [22] In accordance with these findings, high deposition pressures of 10 À4 -10 À3 mbar,

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Role of Methylammonium Iodide Purity on the Vapor‐Phase Deposition Process of Perovskites

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…20,21 Although, the carrier transport along the axis of Pb-X octahedral is not affected in 2D layered perovskites, which can considerably complement the interfacial charge transport from the active layer to the electrodes. 19 However, the orientation of 2D layered perovskites is difficult to regulate on the surface of 3D bulk perovskites. Hence, there is a trade-off between stability and properties.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…treatment. 19,23,24 Despite the successful introduction of organic cations, their effects on charge carrier transport of mixed-dimensional perovskites have not received properties of these materials. 25,26 However, these investigations did not consider mixed-dimensional (gradient mixed 2D/3D) perovskites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, 2D and 3D mixed perovskites have attracted intense research interest owing to their photophysical properties and superior stability. − When the 2D perovskite layers are formed on 3D metal halide perovskites, the hydrophobic organic molecule spacers could protect the underlying bulk perovskite crystals from decomposition and prevent reactions that form irreversible AX (A = FA + , CH 3 NH 3 + , and Cs + and X = Cl – , Br – , and I – ) and PbX 2 , thus enhancing the stability of materials and devices. , However, the properties of photovoltaics are hindered by the low carrier mobility and short lifetime between the interlayers of 2D perovskites and the strong interaction between the carriers and the lattices or phonons. , Although, the carrier transport along the axis of Pb-X octahedral is not affected in 2D layered perovskites, which can considerably complement the interfacial charge transport from the active layer to the electrodes . However, the orientation of 2D layered perovskites is difficult to regulate on the surface of 3D bulk perovskites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) increases and the short-circuit current density ( J sc ) slightly decreases in mixed 2D/3D perovskite solar cells after organic cation (such as butylammonium, phenethylammonium, etc. ) treatment. ,, Despite the successful introduction of organic cations, their effects on charge carrier transport of mixed-dimensional perovskites have not received comprehensive investigation. Studies on layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites [(C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 A n –1 Pb n X 3 n +1 ] have explored the influence of n values on the optoelectronic and structural properties of these materials. , However, these investigations did not consider mixed-dimensional (gradient mixed 2D/3D) perovskites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Charge Carrier Dynamics of Organic Cation-Treated Perovskites Probed with Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity

Yao

Lin

2022

ACS Photonics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a set of promising optoelectronic materials benefiting from their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unprecedented success in photovoltaics. Recent studies have suggested that mixing lower-dimensional A-site cations within perovskites helps mitigate this environmental and phase instability for 3D perovskites. However, the charge carrier transport properties in mixed 2D/3D perovskites are still not fully understood. In this work, charge carrier mobilities and recombination rate constants in perovskite thin films were analyzed with transient time-resolved microwave conductivity and time-resolved photoluminescence. It was found that upon large-cation treatment of 3D perovskites, charge carrier transport and radiative recombination efficiency were enhanced by the passivation of surface defects, which is evidenced by the decay dynamics of charge carriers.

show abstract

Molten Salt Strategy for Reproducible Evaporation of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Tan

Jiang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vacuum evaporation is promising for the scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the poor thermal conductivity of metal halide powder leads to unfavorable temperature inhomogeneity, which destabilizes the evaporation rate, posing a major challenge to the reproducible deposition of perovskite films, particularly by coevaporation. Herein, a molten salt strategy is reported for sequentially vacuum evaporation of PSCs. The molten salt increases the thermal conductivity of metal halides and greatly homogenizes the temperature, which stabilizes the evaporation rate and the composition of the resulting perovskite films. The PSCs yield power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈24% with exceptional reproducibility. The unencapsulated PSCs maintain 85% of the initial PCE after 3600 h of maximum power point tracking and maintain 85% of the initial PCE after being heated at 60 °C for 3000 h. The molten salt strategy opens a new avenue for the application of evaporation in perovskite optoelectronics.

show abstract

A vertically oriented two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper phase perovskite passivation layer for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase perovskite is gaining increasing attention for passivating the defects of the bulk absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, owing to its anisotropic structural features,...

Cited by 63 publications

References 43 publications

Revealing the Role of Methylammonium Iodide Purity on the Vapor‐Phase Deposition Process of Perovskites

Revealing the Role of Methylammonium Iodide Purity on the Vapor‐Phase Deposition Process of Perovskites

Charge Carrier Dynamics of Organic Cation-Treated Perovskites Probed with Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity

Molten Salt Strategy for Reproducible Evaporation of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About